Intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment demands stringent quality assurance and accurate dose determination for delivery of highly conformal dose to the patients. Generally 3D dose distributions obtained from a treatment planning system have to be verified by dosimetric methods. Mainly, a comparison of two-dimensional calculated and measured data in several coplanar planes is performed. In p...

Linacs equipped with flattening filter-free (FFF) megavoltage photon beams are now commercially available. However, the commissioning of FFF beams poses challenges that are not shared with traditional flattened megavoltage X-ray beams. The planning system must model a beam that is peaked in the center and has an energy spectrum that is softer than the flattened beam. Removing the flattening fil...

This paper presents the first model-checking algorithm for an expressive modal mu-calculus over timed automata, L ν,μ , and reports performance results for an implementation. This mu-calculus contains extended time-modality operators and can express all of TCTL. Our algorithmic approach uses an “on-the-fly” strategy based on proof search as a means of ensuring high performance for both positive...

This article presents the application of the structured singular value worst-case approach to the VEGA launcher during the atmospheric ascent phase. The analysis uses a linear fractional transformation model, formed from a subset of the uncertainty and dispersion parameters defined for the nonlinear VEGA system, to identify physically feasible worst-cases. This analysis is complementary to trad...

The DNA strand-transfer reaction of bacteriophage Mu requires Mu B protein and ATP for high efficiency. These factors facilitate the capture of target DNA by the donor protein-DNA complex. To understand the mechanism of the Mu B ATPase cycle in the Mu DNA strand-transfer reaction, we undertook a steady-state kinetic analysis of Mu B ATPase. The results reveal complex properties of the ATPase ac...

Mutator activity of the Mu mutator system of maize can be lost by either outcrossing or inbreeding Mu stocks. The nature of these two kinds of Mu-loss phenomena was analyzed by testing the results of crossing Mu-loss stocks by active Mu lines. Outcross-Mu-loss stocks are capable of supporting Mu activity if crossed by an active mutator line. Inbred-Mu-loss stocks, however, inactivate the active...

Bone marrow cells were examined by double immunofluorescent labeling techniques to detect determinants for the B lineage monoclonal antibody, 14.8, the nuclear enzyme, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), cytoplasmic mu chains (c mu), and surface mu (s mu). In 8-9-wk-old C3H/HeJ mice, 14.8+ cells totalled 22.2% of all marrow cells (35 X 10(5) cells/femur). While many 14.8+ cells were c ...

Sharp bisimulation is a refinement of branching bisimulation, parameterized by subset the system’s actions, called strong actions. This parameterization allows sharp to be tailored property under verification, whichever modal $$\mu$$ -calculus considered, while potentially reducing more than bisimulation. equivalence congruence for process algebraic operators such as parallel composition, hide,...