We generalise the biswapped network Bsw(G) to obtain a multiswapped network Msw(H ;G), built around two graphs G and H . We show that the network Msw(H ;G) lends itself to optoelectronic implementation and examine its topological and algorithmic. We derive the length of a shortest path joining any two vertices in Msw(H ;G) and consequently a formula for the diameter. We show that if G has conne...

This study aimed to identify the metal flow in a municipal solid waste (MSW) management system. Outputs of a resource recovery facility, refuse derived fuel (RDF) production facility, carbonization facility, plastics liquefaction facility, composting facility, and bio-gasification facility were analyzed for metal content and leaching concentration. In terms of metal content, bulky and incombust...

Municipal solid waste (MSW) services of developing countries often suffer due to the lack of financial and operational autonomy, scientific approach, and adequate levels of resources. The solid waste management (SWM) practices of developed countries are benefited in cost and efficiency due to the participation of private players and sound financial management. However, developing economies depe...

Heavy metals and arsenic contamination in municipal solid waste (MSW) and its treatment products has garnered increasing attention. This study investigated the heavy metals and arsenic flows in organic fractions of MSW (OFMSW) in Shanghai, China, through a one-year monitoring program. The OFMSW separated directly from the source (source-separated, pure organic waste), obtained from the treatmen...

Since the start of the second Palestinian uprising (Al-Aqsa Intifada), and due to the Israeli activities, curfews, closures, and military checkpoints imposed since 2000, the quality of social services rendered by Nablus city has been gradually deteriorating. Solid waste management in Nablus city was badly affected by these conditions, and this situation is negatively affecting health and damagi...

Rapid economic development has led to an annual increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) production. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), MSW generation has increased by a factor of 2.6 since 1960 [1]. The US EPA endorsed the concept of integrated waste management that could be tailored to fit particular community’s needs. Sustainable and successful treatment of MSW shou...

in order to investigate the effects of applying three and five continuous periods of municipal solid waste (msw) with and without npk chemical fertilizer on the amount of micronutrient uptake by different parts of wheat, a pot experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications in 2009. the main plot was a six-fertilizers level including contr...

Energy recovery from Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) generated in New Delhi is studied. The two options available viz., recovery of Biogas and energy due to the firing of MSW as fuel are reviewed. Continuous recovery of energy from the city’s MSW through Biogas needs a lot of planning with respect to the design, construction, operation and maintenance of landfills. The yield of Biogas with respect...