The aim of this article is to verify two predictions resulting from the mental models theory of conditional reasoning. First, the denial of antecedent (DA) and modus tollens (MT) inferences should take longer to verify than modus ponens (MP) and af®rmation of consequent (AC) because the former require subjects to ̄esh out the initial model whereas the latter do not. This prediction was con®rmed...

Methylprednisolone (MP), a glucocorticoid, is the only effective therapeutic agent used in the clinical treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI). MP given within 8 hr after SCI significantly improves neurological function. Although the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is suggested to mediate MP actions, limited knowledge is available on its expression and possible function after SCI. Presently, ...

The apparent dependence of detection frequency of extrasolar planets on the metallicity of their host stars is investigated with Monte Carlo simulations using a deterministic core-accretion planet formation model. According to this model, gas giants formed and acquired their mass Mp through planetesimal coagulation followed by the emergence of cores onto which gas is accreted. These protoplanet...

AIMS To conduct a randomized, parallel group comparison of the population pharmacokinetics of the two methylprednisolone (MP) prodrugs Promedrol (MP suleptanate) and Solu-Medrol (MP succinate) in patients hospitalized with acute asthma. METHODS Ninety volunteers were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis. Each volunteer received a dosage regimen of 40 mg (MP equivalents) i.v. 6 hourly for ...

[1] This study evaluates regional-scale hydrological simulations of the newly developed community Noah land surface model (LSM) with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP). The model is configured for the Mississippi River Basin and driven by the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 atmospheric forcing at 1/8° resolution. The simulations are compared with various observational ...

Variability in myosin phosphatase (MP) subunits may provide specificity in signaling pathways that regulate muscle tone. We utilized public databases and computational algorithms to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of MP regulatory (PPP1R12A-C) and inhibitory (PPP1R14A-D) subunits. The comparison of exonic coding sequences and expression data confirmed or refuted the existence of isoforms...

This paper introduces multivariate input-output models to predict the errors and bases dimensions of local parametric Proper Orthogonal Decomposition reduced-order models. We refer to these multivariate mappings as the MP-LROM models. We employ Gaussian Processes and Artificial Neural Networks to construct approximations of these multivariate mappings. Numerical results with a viscous Burgers m...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incapacitating condition that affects motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Since 1990, the only treatment administered in the acute phase of SCI has been methylprednisolone (MP), a synthetic corticosteroid that has anti-inflammatory effects; however, its efficacy remains controversial. Although MP has been thought to help in the resolution of edema, there are ...

BACKGROUND Fractalkine (FKN) is involved in the occurrence and development of human lupus nephritis. It is known to be upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a stimulus in vivo. MRL/lpr mice have been used as an in vivo model to study lupus nephritis. Methylprednisolone (MP) is used widely in the clinical treatment of progressive glomerular diseases such as lupus nephritis. The aim of this ...

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in North America. Auto-detection of prostate cancer can play a major role in early detection of prostate cancer, which has a significant impact on patient survival rates. While multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) has shown promise in diagnosis of prostate cancer, the existi...