A simulation model, which depicts the harvesting operation of biomass supply chain, is presented in this paper. ExtendSim8 simulation software was used for the development of the model. There are a number of sequential operations, i.e. mowing, drying, baling, picking-up, loading, and transporting, for harvesting biomass until the final product arrives at bio-energy generation plant. Different s...

Abstract Forage yield is the fundamental ecosystem service of grasslands. While quantitative responses forage to nitrogen (N) enrichment are well known, its qualitative remain unclear. Even less known relative contribution changes in community composition quality at level. We examined and both plant functional group levels with factorial treatments N addition mowing a temperate steppe. Nitrogen...

Climate and management affect grassland plant diversity but studies vary regarding the magnitude of changes in species richness. Here we develop a comprehensive understanding richness modification due to (mowing) climate (warming) variations worldwide, present results two meta-analyses from 999 1793 records (articles). Recorded articles had at least one experiment with case-control design. The ...

Abstract Aims Competition among plants in a community usually depends on their nitrogen (N)-use efficiency (NUE) and water-use (WUE) arid semi-arid regions. Artemisia frigida is an indicator species heavily degraded grassland, however, how its NUE WUE respond to N addition different successional stages still unclear, especially with mowing, common management practice grasslands. Methods Based l...

Our study focused on the compositional changes of Pannonian semi-natural dry grasslands. The preservation these valuable habitats requires regular management. mowing experiment aimed to suppression native dominant Calamagrostis epigejos L. Roth in mid-successional Mowing was applied twice a year eight permanent plots. vegetation sampled annually from 2001 2021. impacts were tested using repeate...

The abandonment of traditional pastoralism as well as the use of heath areas for military purposes has had a major impact on dry heaths in the Continental biogeographical region of Europe, causing severe degradation of its key species Calluna vulgaris (L.) HULL. The reproductive potential of this species in a Continental climate is assumed to be low, although there is yet no observational or ex...

In coastal marshes on James Bay and southern Hudson Bay, Canada, the grass Festuca rubra L. is heavily used for forage by both Snow (Chen caerulescens caerulescens (Linnaeus)) and Canada Geese (Branta canadensis (Linnaeus)). On Akimiski Island, James Bay, this grass occurs in a mosaic of short, heavily grazed patches and tall, lightly grazed patches. We investigated whether short plants are pri...

Lawns are ubiquitous in the American urban landscapes. However, little is known about their impact on the carbon and water cycles at the national level. The limited information on the total extent and spatial distribution of these ecosystems and the variability in management practices are the major factors complicating this assessment. In this study, relating turf grass area to fractional imper...

Questions: Is seedling emergence limited by the set of viable seeds, by incompatibility between the phenology of seed shedding and timing of mowing, or by dry weather in germination periods? Does seedling mortality fluctuate with season and weather? Location: Negrentino, southern Alps, Switzerland. Methods: Fecundity estimates of the dominant grass Bromus erectus; highly frequent counts of spon...