OBJECTIVES Buccal fracture of the mandibular proximal bone segment during bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) reduces the postoperative stability. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of this type of fracture on bone healing and postoperative stability after mandibular setback surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten patients who experienced buccal fracture during SSR...

We examined the phylogenetic relationships among the major lineages of otophysan fishes (Cypriniformes, Characiformes, Siluroidei, and Gymnotoidei) using a combined analysis of molecular and morphological characters. The molecular characters comprised 160 phylogenetically informative sites from nuclear-encoded ribosomal RNA and 208 phylogenetically informative sites from the mitochondrial genes...

We develop a grammar for Urdu in Grammatical Framework (GF). GF is a programming language for defining multilingual grammar applications. GF resource grammar library currently supports 16 languages. These grammars follow an Interlingua approach and consist of morphology and syntax modules that cover a wide range of features of a language. In this paper we explore different syntactic features of...

Sindarin is a constructed language invented by the author and linguist J.R.R. Tolkien. It is the language spoken by the Elves. Though the number of complete sindarin sentences is rather limited[1] enough information is available to derive syntactic rules and build a Sindarin grammar. This project aims at modelling the basics of Classical Sindarin grammar in LFG using Xerox XLE system. In additi...

objective: field experiment was conducted in 2009 to investigate the effects of plant density and weed interference on morphological characteristics and yield of corn (zea mays, l.) at research station of university of tabriz, tabriz, iran. methods: the experiment was arranged as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. plant density (d1, d2, d3 and d4: 5, 7...

We studied the diversity within the former genus Gymnangium in the South West Indian Ocean by using an integrative approach of both traditional (morphology-based) and modern molecular taxonomy. Nine species were recorded in the material collected. A total of 97 16S mitochondrial DNA sequences and 54 Calmodulin nuclear sequences from eight Gymnangium/Taxella species were analyzed. We found both ...

The unusual mix of morphological traits displayed by extinct South American native ungulates (SANUs) confounded both Charles Darwin, who first discovered them, and Richard Owen, who tried to resolve their relationships. Here we report an almost complete mitochondrial genome for the litoptern Macrauchenia. Our dated phylogenetic tree places Macrauchenia as sister to Perissodactyla, but close to ...

This paper presents the results of the adoption of the WordFrame model to the Filipino language. The WordFrame model, developed by Richard Wicentowski, is a robust multi-lingual supervised learning algorithm that learns a language’s morphological process. This algorithm models a word as a seven-way split, namely, the canonical prefix, the point-ofprefixation change, common substrings, vowel cha...

Conservation priorities are calculated on the basis of species richness, endemism, and threats. However, areas ranked highly for these factors may not represent regions of maximal evolutionary potential. The relationship between geography and evolutionary innovation was analyzed in a dominant complex of Caribbean reef corals, in which morphological and genetic data concur on species differences...