The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, coupled to a GIS, was applied to the Naivasha basin in Kenya, a closed basin experiencing diverse climatic conditions from semi arid to humid, comprises with the only fresh water lake in the grate rift valley. The intent of this study was to estimates the lake water level fluctuations by integrating the SWAT with a water balance model, estimating...

Current Brazilian law regarding water fluoridation classification is dichotomous with respect to the risks of and benefits for oral diseases, and fluoride (F) concentrations less than 0.6 or above 0.8 mg F/L are considered outside the normal limits. Thus, the law does not consider that both caries and fluorosis are dependent on the dosage and duration of fluoride exposure because they are both ...

Axios River is one of the most important transboundary rivers between the Greek and the neighbour country FYROM in the Balkan area. In this paper, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were used to derive and to develop models for prediction the monthly values of some water quality parameters of the river Axios at a station located at Axioupolis site of Greece near the Greece FYROM borders by using...

abstract prediction of input flow into water resources is regarded as one of the most important issues in optimum planning and management in producing electro-water energy and optimum allocation of water into different consumption sources. different parameters affect on input discharge into dams. climate variables including temperature and rainfall have the most effect on input runoff rate to w...

limitation of water resources in iran motivates sustaining and preserving of the resources in order to supply future water needs. fulfilling these objectives will not be possible unless having accurate water balance of watersheds. the purpose of this study is to estimate the water balance parameters using a distributed method. the large number of distributed models and methods was studied and “...