We define and study the Picard group of a monoid scheme and the class group of a normal monoid scheme. To do so, we develop some ideal theory for (pointed abelian) noetherian monoids, including primary decomposition and discrete valuations. The normalization of a monoid turns out to be a monoid scheme, but not always a monoid.

We prove that the endomorphism monoid of the infinite random graph R contains as a submonoid an isomorphic copy of each countable monoid. As a corollary, the monoid of R does not satisfy any non-trivial semigroup identity. We also prove that the full transformation monoid on a countably infinite set is isomorphic to a submonoid of the monoid of R.

an r-module m is called epi-retractable if every submodule of mr is a homomorphic image of m. it is shown that if r is a right perfect ring, then every projective slightly compressible module mr is epi-retractable. if r is a noetherian ring, then every epi-retractable right r-module has direct sum of uniform submodules. if endomorphism ring of a module mr is von-neumann regular, then m is semi-...

The main result of the work “The nilpotence conjecture in K-theory of toric varieties” is extended to all coefficient fields of characteristic 0, thus covering the class of genuine toric varieties. 1. The statement Let R be a (commutative) regular ring, M be arbitrary commutative, cancellative, torsion free monoid without nontrivial units, and i be a nonnegative integral number. The nilpotence ...

A new digital signature scheme in non-commutative Gaussian monoid is presented. Two algebraic structures are employed: Gaussian monoid and a certain module being compatible with a monoid. For both monoid and module, presentation and action level attributes are defined. Monoid action level is defined as monoid element (word) action on module element as an operator. A module is a set of functions...

We study a monoid associated to complex semisimple Lie algebras, called the quantic monoid. Its monoid ring is shown to be isomorphic to a degenerate quantized enveloping algebra. Moreover, we provide normal forms and a straightening algorithm for this monoid. All these results are proved by a realization in terms of representations of quivers, namely as the monoid of generic extensions of a qu...

‎‎we exhibit an explicit construction for the second cohomology group‎ ‎$h^2(l‎, ‎a)$ for a lie ring $l$ and a trivial $l$-module $a$‎. ‎we show how the elements of $h^2(l‎, ‎a)$ correspond one-to-one to the‎ ‎equivalence classes of central extensions of $l$ by $a$‎, ‎where $a$‎ ‎now is considered as an abelian lie ring‎. ‎for a finite lie‎ ‎ring $l$ we also show that $h^2(l‎, ‎c^*) cong m(l)$‎...

The dual symmetric inverse monoid I ∗ n is the inverse monoid of all isomorphisms between quotients of an n-set. We give a monoid presentation of I ∗ n and, along the way, establish criteria for a monoid to be inverse when it is generated by completely regular elements.

The Catalan monoid and partial Catalan monoid of a directed graph are introduced. Also introduced is the notion of a local endomorphism of a tree, and it is shown that the Catalan (resp. partial Catalan) monoid of a tree is simply its monoid of extensive local endomorphisms (resp. partial endomorphisms) of nite shift. The main results of this paper are presentations for the Cata-lan and partial...