BACKGROUND Cytokines have crucial role in the development and maintenance of inflammation and pain in arthritis. Activation of prostaglandin receptor subtype EP(4) suppresses cytokine production in immune cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a novel EP(4) agonist would be able to suppress thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and paw swelling in acute and chronic phases in rat...

Objective Monoarticular presentation of rheumatoid arthritis is infrequent and has been previously reported to involve large joints such as the hip and knee joints. Here we report a case series of four patients presenting to the University of Michigan in 2015 with monoarticular rheumatoid arthritis, one with small and three with large joint involvement. Material and Methods In total, four pat...

BACKGROUND Accurate and rapid diagnosis of bacterial arthritis is not always possible in unvaccinated (Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type B) children in Iran. OBJECTIVES Searching the staphylococcal superantigen (entrotoxin A, B, C and TSST1) in synovial fluid of cases with inflammatory arthritis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross sectional study was implemented in the p...

BACKGROUND Earlier results suggest that peripheral alpha(2)-adrenoceptors and opioid receptors may reduce arthritic pain. Fadolmidine is a highly selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist that has only limited central access after peripheral administration. We assessed the peripheral antinociceptive properties of fadolmidine and the potential contribution of peripheral opioid receptors to its ant...

INTRODUCTION In chronic pain disorders, galanin (GAL) is able to either facilitate or inhibit nociception in the spinal cord but the contribution of supraspinal galanin to pain signalling is mostly unknown. The dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) is rich in galanin receptors (GALR) and is involved in behavioural hyperalgesia. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of supraspinal...

Treatment of patients suffering from chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant antibodies is time consuming and fairly expensive and can be associated with side effects due to generalized depletion of the target molecule. We have addressed these issues by developing an alternative approach consisting of the intraarticular injection of a DNA vector encoding for the anti-C5 n...

To cite: Santiago T, Mariano C. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2013202186 DESCRIPTION Synovial chondromatosis is a rare, benign condition characterised by the formation of multiple cartilaginous and osteocartilaginous bodies in the capsule. Synovial chondromatosis has been widely described in the literature. Most cases involve temporomandibular, s...

BACKGROUND The incidence of syphilis is increasing in many parts of the world. Clinicians may have limited experience in the diagnosis when the clinical appearance is unusual. If early diagnosis is not made and prompt treatment not given, then the disease may remain quiescent until more serious symptoms or systemic involvement develops. CASE PRESENTATION We report the first case of a delayed ...

Chronic pain associated with rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) affects millions of people every year. This pain subsequently affects almost every aspect of a person’s life and has a substantial impact on economics such as health insurance, lost wages, reduced productivity and increased incidence of depression and suicide. These facts highlight the need...