The paper presents a method of water distribution system sensors placement. Location of sensors depends on the purpose of monitoring of a network. In this paper, this objective has been defined as the ability to detect network failures (leakages). Therefore, the location of monitoring points should be designed so as to maximize the effectiveness of the location method. The main objective of the...

Common problems in the analysis of environmental monitoring data are nonnormal distributions (i.e., right skewed such as gamma and lognormal) and the presence of moderate to large numbers of nondetects (i.e., data below a detection or quantification limit). When new monitoring measurements are compared to background (e.g., comparison of a new downgradient ground water measurement to a series of...

Water distribution Networks (WDNs) are critical infrastructures that are exposed to deliberate or accidental contamination. Until now, no monitoring system is capable of protecting a WDN in real time. In the immediate future water service utilities that are installing water quantity and quality sensors in their networks will be producing a continuous and huge data stream for treating. The main ...

Investigations concerning the role of distribution system biofilms on water quality were conducted at a drinking water utility in New Jersey. The utility experienced long-term bacteriological problems in the distribution system, while treatment plant effluents were uniformly negative for coliform bacteria. Results of a monitoring program showed increased coliform levels as the water moved from ...

With the ever increasing growth in population water quality monitoring has become a critical issue in the recent years. Water quality monitoring is very important for aquaculture, waste water management, drinking water treatment, water distribution system, and other environmental applications. Recently numerous researchers have been initiated to build wireless system for water quality monitorin...

This paper describes the WaterWiSe@SG WSNbased system that is deployed within an operating water distribution network in Singapore. The system enables continuous monitoring of hydraulic parameters in the water distribution network and provides a real-life hydraulic testbed on which to perform field experiments. To date we have deployed 8 sensor nodes over a section of downtown Singapore, sampli...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dominant tree species in northern temperate forests, for example oak and beech, produce desiccation-sensitive seeds. Despite the potentially major influence of this functional trait on the regeneration and distribution of species under climate change, little is currently known about the ecological determinants of the persistence of desiccation-sensitive seeds in transient so...