We analyze extreme movements of the main stocks market indexes in the European Union. We find that the Sweden and UK markets are the preferred ones for risk averse investors since they present the best risk-return performance. Moreover, the UK market is found to have a very low dependence with the rest of the European financial cycles, being the best one (in terms of risk-return) available for ...

This review was undertaken to address concerns raised by the US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) regarding the value of projects authorized to improve environmental quality. Value gained from present resource use can typically be measured in monetary terms. More controversial -and prohibited by Corps policy -is the monetary measurement of the nonuse value gained by deferring present-day use in f...

OBJECTIVE To explore the strategies used to improve retention in primary care randomised trials. DESIGN Qualitative in-depth interviews and thematic analysis. PARTICIPANTS 29 UK primary care chief and principal investigators, trial managers and research nurses. METHODS In-depth face-to-face interviews. RESULTS Primary care researchers use incentive and communication strategies to improv...

implementation of monetary policies and adjustments in liquidity are the most important tools of the central bank of iran used in structural reforms in the banking industry. this policy influences the efficiency of the monetary policy through its impact on bank credit channels. in this study we used dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models as one of the most innovative approaches to moneta...

Financial frictions and financial shocks can affect the trade-off between inflation stabilization and output-gap stabilization faced by a central bank. Financial frictions lead to a greater response in output following any deviation of inflation from target and thus lead to an increase in the sacrifice ratio. As a result, optimal monetary policy in the face of credit frictions is to allow great...

BACKGROUND Loss to follow-up from randomised trials can introduce bias and reduce study power, affecting the generalisability, validity and reliability of results. Many strategies are used to reduce loss to follow-up and improve retention but few have been formally evaluated. OBJECTIVES To quantify the effect of strategies to improve retention on the proportion of participants retained in ran...