Angkak, a fermentation product of rice by Monascus sp., is used for natural food coloring, spices, and medicine by Indonesian people who believe in its pharmacological properties. However, Monascus sp. also produces a secondary metabolite, hepato-nephrotoxic mycotoxin citrinin. The biosynthesis of pigments and citrinin is generated from a tetraketide point in the polyketides pathway. This study...

This study aims to reconcile industrially suitable strains of higher red pigment producing Monascus purpureus MPA5 and Monacolin K ruber MRA7, were tried fuse for development increased efficacy targeted secondary metabolites production. The optimum concentration protoplast mixture was standardized, before the fusion experiment. effective observed with solution 30 % PEG 6000, CaCl2.2H2O (0.01 M)...

Hypertension and cardiovascular complications are the leading causes of death worldwide. Antihypertensive drugs often cause various side effects, and improper use of antihypertensive medications can result in irreparable damage. Edible fungi of the Monascus species have been used as traditional Chinese medicines in Southeast Asia for several centuries. The fermented products of Monascus purpure...

practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts). Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2003;10:S1–S10. 2. Rosenson RS. Current overview of statin-induced myopathy. Am J Med 2004;116:408–416. 3. Eriksson M, Angelin B, Sjoberg S. Risk for fatal stain-induced rhabdomyolysis as a consequence of misinterpretation of ‘evidence-based medicine’. J Intern Med 2005;257:313–314...

Deep ocean water (DOW) obtained from a depth of more than 200 m includes abundant nutrients and minerals. DOW was proven to positively increase monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK) production and the anti-adipogenesis effect of Monascus-fermented red mold dioscorea (RMD). However, the influences that the major metals in DOW have on Monascus secondary metabolite biosynthesis and anti-adipogenesis r...

Monacolin K is a secondary metabolite synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKS) from Monascus, and it has the same structure as lovastatin, which is mainly produced by Aspergillus terreus. In the present study, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone, mps01, was screened from the BAC library constructed from Monascus pilosus BCRC38072 genomic DNA. The putative monacolin K biosynthetic gen...

We report the de novo assembled 20.05-Mb draft genome of the red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides MTCC 457, predicted to encode 5,993 proteins, 4 rRNAs, and 125 tRNAs. Proteins known to be unique to oleaginous fungi are present among the predicted proteins. The genome sequence will be valuable for molecular genetic analysis and manipulation of lipid accumulation in this yeast and for developing ...

Rhodotorula glutinis ATCC 204091 is an oleaginous oxidative red yeast that can accumulate lipids to >50% of its biomass when grown with appropriate carbon and nitrogen ratios. It produces a red pigment consisting of useful antioxidants, such as carotenoids, torulene, and torularhodin, when cultivated under carbon-deficient conditions.

HE biochemical genetics of carotenoid pigments has been studied in the T tomato ( LEROSEN et al. 1941 ; MACKINNEY and JENKINS 1949 ; PORTER and LINCOLN 1950), corn (MANGELSDORF and FRAPS 1931) and red yeast (BONNER et al. 1946). HAXO (1949) worked out the carotenoid components of the wild type Neurospora. The present paper deals with genetic and biochemical studies of a modifier system for pigm...