in front wheels driven vehicles, fuel economy can be obtained by summing torques applied to rear wheels. on the other hand, unequal torques applied to rear wheels provides enhanced safety. in this paper, a model with seven degrees of freedom is considered for the vehicle body. thereafter, power-train subsystems are modeled. considering an electrical machine on each rear wheel, a fuzzy controlle...

purpose: to report the development of cataract after corneal damage by dungle beetle prongs. case report: a 28 year-old man, resident of the village chah setareh, sabzevar, presented complaining of trauma to the right eye with the dangle beetle while motorcycling. slit lamp examination revealed six corneal perforations, hyphema (50% of anterior chamber) percent, iris sphincter rupture, and rupt...

in this paper, the effects of roll center height of mcpherson suspension mechanism on dynamic behaviour of a vehicle is studied first and then the optimum location of roll center of this suspension system is determined for a conceptual class a vehicle. adams/car software was used for analysis of vehicle dynamic behaviour in different positions of suspension roll center, then optimization proces...

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are toxic pollutants released by various urban combustion sources. tehran is the largest city in iran with a population of about 8 million and it is faced with serious air quality problems. the gas phase samples collected from 21 sites in tehran area throughout year 2005. the samples‘ pahs were collected using a skc trapping consisting of glass cartridg...

Recently, we showed the adenovirus proteinase interacts productively with its protein substrates in vitro and in vivo in nascent virus particles via one-dimensional diffusion along the viral DNA. The mechanism by which this occurs has heretofore been unknown. We show sliding of these proteins along DNA occurs on a new vehicle in molecular biology, a 'molecular sled' named pVIc. This 11-amino ac...

RATIONALE The development of molecular imaging approaches that assess specific immunopathologic mechanisms can advance the study of myocarditis. OBJECTIVE This study validates a novel molecular imaging tool that enables the in vivo visualization of granzyme B activity, a major effector of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS We synthesized and optimized a fluorogenic substrate ...

We have previously identified a neuroprotective effect associated with empty (E1(-), E3(-), E4(-)) adenovirus vector delivery in a model of light-induced, photoreceptor cell death. In this study, we further characterize this protective effect in light-injured retina and investigate its molecular basis. Dark-adapted BALB/c mice, aged 6-8 weeks, were exposed to standardized, intense fluorescent l...

An electric vehicle (EV) battery charging station (EV-BCS) based on a bipolar dc power grid is presented in this paper, which capable of delivering to the (vehicle-to-grid – V2G mode), and directly exchange between different EVs connected EV-BCS (vehicle-to-vehicle V2V besides traditional operation (grid-to-vehicle G2V mode). The three-level bidirectional buck-boost dc-dc converters has modular...