Aim: The comparison of the efficiency Classical Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation (CPTR), Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS), Electromyographic Biofeedback (EMG-BF) Robotic (RR) on tibialis anterior (mTA) muscle activation functions hemiplegic patients was aimed.Materials Methods: Thirty aged 40-86 years were participated. range motion (ROM), 10 meters walk test, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS...

The aim of this study is to compare the functional status, spasticity, motor function status children with cerebral palsy and their caregivers' workload stress levels. A single-center prospective cross-sectional was carried out 30 Cerebral Palsy (CP) caregivers. clinical assessed Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Functional Independence Measure f...

Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is one of the most effective techniques to improve functionality paretic upper limbs, but there are no studies investigating association CIMT and kinesio taping (KT). To analyze effects this on extremity functional recovery hemiparetic children adolescents. In randomized clinical trial, individuals diagnosed with brain injury hemiparesis were allocated...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mobility assessed by the Modified Rivermead Mobility Index and variables associated with physical function in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] One hundred stroke patients (35 males and 65 females; age 58.60 ± 13.91 years) participated in this study. Modified Rivermead Mobility Index, muscle strength (manual m...

Muscle over-activity is one of the cardinal features of spasticity and it is a common disability of stroke patients. In this group, spasticity is responsible for several limitations that interfere in their daily activities and quality of life. To treat spasticity, neurologists usually prescribe drugs as baclofen, tizanidine or benzodiazepines or even use definitive treatment as phenol or surger...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Shoulder pain is frequent after stroke and interferes with the rehabilitative process and outcome. However, treatments used for hemiplegic shoulder pain are limited and largely ineffective. This prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled study was conducted to compare the efficacies of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on hemiplegic sh...

We compared a unilateral robot-assisted training protocol (URTP) and a bilateral robot-assisted training protocol (BRTP) to study their differential effects. We recruited 21 patients with stroke who received 90-105 min of therapy 5 days/wk for 4 wk. Participants in the URTP and BRTP groups practiced forearm pronation and supination and wrist flexion and extension in a simultaneous manner with t...

[Purpose] The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on reducing spasticity immediately and 4 weeks after application of ESWT. [Subjects and Methods] We searched PubMed, TCL, Embase, and Scopus from their inception dates through June 2013. The key words "muscle hypertonia OR spasticity" were used for spasticity, and the key words "sho...

Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common type of CP. Up to 80% of all individuals with cerebral palsy suffer from some degree of spasticity. Spasticity adversely affects muscles and joints of the extremities, causing abnormal movements, and it is especially harmful in growing children. Several methods have been developed and used to assess spasticity. The most commonly used test in clinic...

Several randomised controlled trials [1-4] have shown that botulinum toxin (BoNT) type A and type B reduce muscle tone as measured with the modified Ashworth scale, reduce the frequency of muscle spasms and pain, increase the joints range of motion and improve motor function in patients with muscle spasticity. The duration of benefit is usually 16 weeks and the beneficial effect is often mainta...