the purpose of this paper is to apply ibn-khaldun’s dialectic of asabiyya to explain the nature of relationship between war and the world order in the modern era via ‘macro structural change’. it is argued here that these changes in the world order in the modern times have a dialectical relationship with war. here, ibn-khaldun’s approach to historical change is applied for the explication of th...

Fred Halliday saw revolution and war as the dual motors of modern international order. However, while war occupies a prominent place in International Relations (IR), revolutions inhabit a more residual location. For Halliday, this is out of keeping with their impact – in particular, revolutions offer a systemic challenge to existing patterns of international order in their capacity to generate ...

The challenges presented by the global pandemic and slump in oil prices have imposed costly avoidance measures delayed project timeliness, but it also has created opportunity for innovation conditions industrial non-destructive testing. evolutional path leveraged Industry 4.0, present sustainable offerings of robotic platforms, digital solutions connected devices commonly known as Internet Thin...

payment order in eft can be a negotiable instrument in two ways; it can be an instrument based on custom and regulation meaning that whether it should be considered as new instrument or be incorporated in one of the current instruments. in light of iranian legal system and against common law, it is not acceptable that a new negotiable instrument be created by custom because some characteristics...

nizar qabani, a great modern arab poet, is best known for his poetry on women and politics. however in his political poems there are some conspicuous realistic veins which reflect the special effects of geography, customs, religion, traditions, and thought across the arab world on realism as a literary school. the mission of arabic literature is to reflect the realities of arab societies, which...

Although constitutionalism movements have their roots in the efforts to limit power of European monarchies beginning with Magna Carta, modern sense is product global political and social conditions created by French Revolution 1789. In 19th century, when empires struggled for Europe economic crises shook world, appeared as a solution these crises. this context, addition constitutional revolutio...