The genomic and proteomic revolutions have provided us with an ever-increasing number of mechanistic insights into cancer pathogenesis. Mutated genes and pathologic protein products have emerged as the basis for modern anticancer drug development. With the increasing realization of the importance of disrupting oncogenic protein-protein interaction, new challenges have emerged for classical smal...

Social scientists have long theorized about &dquo;mass society&dquo; and &dquo;mass culture&dquo; and, generally, are appalled by the frightening images brought to mind by these concepts. A wide-ranging debate over their validity, a concern about the &dquo;functions&dquo; of the mass media in modern society, and their &dquo;effects&dquo; on the general public have been major subjects of mass co...

Aquaculture is nothing new. It arose multiple times in indigenous societies where coastal population densities of “seafood eating peoples” increased beyond the carrying capacities of natural, aquatic ecosystems to provide for them. There have been many “blue revolutions” throughout history! Aquaculture has a long, fascinating pre-history with well documented “blue revolutions” occurring through...

Kuhn’s account of the development of science, together with its associated concepts of paradigm, normal science an scientific revolutions, has been the focus of intensive debate ever since its first publication in 1962.2 As a subsidiary issue in this debate the question has been raised as to the applicability of Kuhn’s theory or of Kuhn’s concepts to the history of individual scientific discipl...

The history of medical ethics has provided, at various junctures, focus on major principles such as justice, fidelity, autonomy, beneficence, etc. When deontological (rule-based) perspectives received competition from utilitarian (resultsbased) methods of analysis in the 19th century, changes in emphasis helped pave the way for ethical assessment of the Darwinian, Mendelian, Freudian and Einste...

‘Verlernen ist oft schwerer als lernen.’ (Arthur normal science is based upon a set of concepts or Koestler) paradigms. Normal science has cumulative character, (To forget is often more difficult than to learn.) i.e. involves collecting facts and unravelling problems which confirm the consistency and correctness of existing paradigms. By necessity, groundbreaking Scientific revolutions by chang...

Howdid cultural dynamics help bring about the societies we now recognize as modern? This article constructs seven distinct models for how structures of signification and social meaning participated in the transitions to modernity in the West and, in some of the models, across the globe. Our models address: (1) the spread, via imitation, of modern institutions around the world (memetic replicati...