James Ladyman has argued that constructive empiricism entails modal realism, and that this renders constructive empiricism untenable. We maintain that constructive empiricism is compatible with modal nominalism. Although the central term ‘observable’ has been analyzed in terms of counterfactuals, and in general counterfactuals do not have objective truth conditions, the property of being observ...

We introduce a new notion of structural refinement, a sound abstraction of logical implication, for the modal nucalculus. Using new translations between the modal nu-calculus and disjunctive modal transition systems, we show that these two specification formalisms are structurally equivalent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such a close relationship between a logical and a ...

in contrast to the grammatical category of mood in persian which has been subject to a number of studies, modality as a semantic category has not received the due attention it deserves. this study is fascinated to depict modal functions of tense in persian. in a sense, it tries to take account of the structures used by persian speakers to express their evaluation of the state of affairs. the re...

3 Equivalences, Modal and Temporal Logics 5 3.1 Interactive games and bisimulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.2 Modal logic and bisimulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3 Temporal properties and modal mu-calculus . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.4 Second-order propositional modal logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.5 Fixed point and second-order games . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

We introduce modal de Vries algebras and develop a duality between the category of modal de Vries algebras and the category of coalgebras for the Vietoris functor on compact Hausdorff spaces. This duality serves as a common generalization of de Vries duality between de Vries algebras and compact Hausdorff spaces, and the duality between modal algebras and modal spaces.

In this paper, the forming principle, meshing features and tooth surface equation were introduced. And the modal parameters distribution of cylindrical gears with arcuate tooth trace was researched. The results show: 1. The modulus was the biggest impact factor for modal and natural frequency of cylindrical gears with arcuate tooth trace, then tooth width, and the radius of tooth line have the ...

ABSTRACT This work presents the experimental evaluation of the state-variable modal decomposition (SVMD) method for modal parameter estimation of multi-degree-of-freedom and continuous vibration systems. Using output response ensembles only, the generalized eigenvalue problem is formed to estimate eigen frequencies and modal vectors for a lightly damped linear clamped-free thin experimental bea...

Modal Logic is traditionally concerned with the intensional operators “possibly” and “necessary”, whose intuitive correspondence with the standard quantifiers “there exists” and “for all” comes out clearly in the usual Kripke semantics. This observation underlies the well-known translation from propositional modal logic with operators ♦ and , possibly indexed, into the first-order language over...