Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) are a topology that can scale several voltage levels to obtain higher efficiency and lower harmonics than most voltage-source converters. MMCs very attractive for renewable energy applications fast charging stations electric vehicles, where they improve performance reduce costs. However, due the complex architecture large number of submodules, current contro...

Abstract Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are lightweight, hard materials applied in heavy-duty applications such as automobile, aerospace, and electronics, well sports equipment. MMCs reveal exceptional physical mechanical properties, including high strength, corrosion, wear resistance, higher stiffness, toughness. However, owing to poor surface finish, accelerated tool wear, material removal co...

The present paper is the second part of a previously published overview entitled “ten years of severe plastic deformation (SPD) in Iran”. Part I concentrates on the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). In this part, the focus is on the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) because, currently, Iran is ranked the first in the world by the total number of publications in this field. In the present sec...

Fault detection and location is one of the critical issues in engineering applications modular multilevel converters (MMCs). At present, MMC fault diagnosis based on neural networks can only locate open-circuit a single submodule. To solve this problem, paper proposes localization strategy depthwise separable convolutional (DSC) network. By inputting bridge arm circulating current submodule cap...

Metal composite materials have found application in many areas of daily life for quite some time. Often it is not realized that the application makes use of composite materials. These materials are produced in situ from the conventional production and processing of metals. Here, the Dalmatian sword with its meander structure, which results from welding two types of steel by repeated forging, ca...

Al/SiC functionally graded and metal-matrix composites were investigated through dynamic mechanical analyzer as a function of vibrating frequencies. It was found that internal frictions strongly dependent on material type frequency. Tan ? reached 30.4 × 10–3 21.2 10–3in FGM MMC, respectively, at frequency 1 Hz. The damping capacity decreased the increased to 10 Hz 30 Storage moduli 172 GPa 144 ...

As a ceramic material, AlN has very good thermophysical and mechanical properties. In addition, is an effective refining agent for Mg alloys because it lattice constant similar to that of Mg. Therefore, ideal reinforcement magnesium matrix composites (MMCs), attracting increasing attention. This review addresses the development preparation technologies AlN-reinforced composites. The mainstream ...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are widely used in voltage-sourced, converter-based high-voltage DC systems due to their modular design, scalability, and fault tolerance capabilities. In MMCs, multi-variable control objectives can be employed by using model predictive (MPC) its fast dynamic response ease of implementation. Nonetheless, conventional MPC techniques for MMCs have shortcomings...