This paper describes different mathematical algorithms used in the determination of mixed layer height (MLH) from the laser radar (lidar) signals. These methods are successfully applied to the indigenously developed portable lidar signals for retrieval of the depth of pollutants mixing in the lower atmosphere. The study also includes intercomparison between the methods. KeywordsPortable lidar, ...

In this manuscript we present calculations that consider the propagation of a squeezed vacuum signal field through a resonant atomic medium under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that squeezing is degraded due to four-wave mixing processes at high optical depth of the atomic medium. We also present some preliminary results for degenerate Zeeman EIT resonances.

There are a number of barriers to the adoption of improved parameterizations of diapycnal mixing in large-scale ocean models. Two such barriers are discussed in detail. Ocean models often exhibit levels of spurious numerical diapycnal mixing that are so large, compared with the physical values, that parameterizing additional mixing is counterproductive, even when that additional mixing is physi...

This paper introduces a new form of representation for three-dimensional video objects. We propose to provide the capability to encode depth data for video object planes, as they are used in the MPEG-4 video standard. We introduce a technique to extract depth and texture data from video objects, that are captured with multiple-camera configurations. The video object plane then represents an unw...

The viscosity structure of Earth's deep mantle affects the thermal evolution of Earth, the ascent of mantle plumes, settling of subducted oceanic lithosphere, and the mixing of compositional heterogeneities in the mantle. Based on a reanalysis of the long-wavelength nonhydrostatic geoid, we infer viscous layering of the mantle using a method that allows us to avoid a priori assumptions about it...

We have calculated the evolution of low metallicity red giant stars under the assumption of deep mixing between the convective envelope and the hydrogen burning shell. We find that the extent of the observed abundance anomalies, and in particular the universal O-Na anticorrelation, can be totally explained by mixing which does not lead to significant helium enrichment of the envelope. On the ot...

[1] Stable isotope tracer budget results suggest the transport to vertical diffusivity ratio for Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) in the Atlantic was higher at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Reduced mixing across the upper boundary of AABW is consistent with movement of this surface away from the seafloor and may be a factor in sequestering CO2 in the abyssal Atlantic. Two key unknowns in the bud...

Motivated by field studies of the Ems estuary which show longitudinal gradients in bottom sediment concentration as high as O(0.01 kg/m), we develop an analytical model for estuarine residual circulation based on currents from salinity gradients, turbidity gradients, and freshwater discharge. Salinity is assumed to be vertically well mixed, while the vertical concentration profile is assumed to...

Background: Mixing in traditional algae culture system consumes intensive electricity. This should be replaced by nature force to reduce energy cost and, more importantly, to realize positive energy balance of algal biofuel production. This study aims to develop a horizontal photobioreactor, in which mixing can be provided with rocking movement driven by nature force. Results: Simple boxes were...

This paper reviews a number of recently developed stereo matching algorithms and representations. It focuses on techniques that are especially well suited for image-based rendering applications such as novel view generation and the mixing of live imagery with synthetic computer graphics. The paper begins by reviewing some recent approaches to the classic problem of recovering a depth map from t...