Clay soils are that have high shrinkage potential and good carrying capacity in water unsaturated conditions but poor water-saturated conditions. soil has a low capacity, so to increase the of it needs be stabilized by using an added material which is sand. Land used for 100% disturbed soil, 95% + 5% sand, 90% 10% 85% 15% with curing time 3,7,14, 28 days. The mixture was tested aunconfined comp...

Monists about material constitution typically argue that when Statue is materially constituted by Clay, Statue is just Clay. Pluralists about material constitution deny that constitution is identity: Statue is not just Clay. When Clay materially constitutes Statue, Clay is not identical to Statue. I discuss three familiar puzzles involving grounding, overdetermination and conceptual issues, and...

-Multivariate statistical analyses of geochemical, mineralogical, and cation-exchange capacity (CEC) data from a Venezuelan oil well were used to construct a model which relates elemental concentrations to mineral abundances. An r-mode factor analysis showed that most of the variance could be accounted for by four independent factors and that these factors were related to individual mineral com...

This study investigates the nano to core-scale geomechanical properties of a maturity series organic-rich, calcareous shales buried 100°C–180°C, with focus on: (a) mechanical organic matter; (b) elastic response and anisotropy shale composite at micro core scale; (c) creep response. Atomic force microscopy was used target kerogen nanoscale resolution, it found that stiffness increased thermal f...

Polymer-nanoclay composite materials have attracted considerable interest among materials scientists recently because of the pioneering work carried out by a research group in the Toyota Central Research Laboratories. The group applied a nylon-montmorillonite clay nanocomposite as an under-the-hood structural part in the engine compartment of an automobile with significantly improved tensile st...

Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets obtained by exfoliating inorganic layered crystals have emerged as a new class of materials with unique attributes. One of the critical challenges is to develop robust and versatile methods for creating new nanostructures from these 2D-nanosheets. Here we report the delamination of layered materials that belonging to two different classes--the cationic clay, mont...

The surface area of the individual phyllosilicates (clay minerals) in Athabasca oil sands determined from XRD crystallite size measurements was found to be comparable to the bulk surface area measured by ethylene glycol monoethyl ether adsorption. The primary phyllosilicates are kaolin and illite but the large surface area is imparted by varying degrees of smectitic interstratifications in the ...