The objective of this article is to derive the necessary optimality conditions, known as Pontryagin's minimum principle, for fuzzy optimal control problems based on the concepts of differentiability and integrability of a fuzzy mapping that may be parameterized by the left and right-hand functions of its $alpha$-level sets.

Unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites are often observed to fail in a longitudinal splitting mode in the fiber direction under far-field compressive loading with weak lateral confinement. An energy-based model is developed based on the principle of minimum potential energy and the evaluation of effective properties to obtain an analytical approximation to the critical stress for longitudin...

Two different experimental approaches based on ellipsometry and zeta potential measurements have been employed to determine the dispersion and polar surface free energy components of glass. From ellipsometry the adsorption isotherms of n-octane and water have been determined, yielding values for the film pressures of n-octane and water and the dispersion and polar surface free energy components...

We outline a story line that introduces Newtonian mechanics by employing conservation of energy to predict the motion of a particle in a one-dimensional potential. We show that incorporating constraints and constants of the motion into the energy expression allows us to analyze more complicated systems. A heuristic transition embeds kinetic and potential energy into the still more powerful prin...

The development of energy management strategy (EMS), which considers how power is distributed between the battery and ultracapacitor, can reduce electric vehicle’s consumption slow down degradation. Therefore, purpose this paper to develop an EMS for hybrid storage vehicles based on Pontryagin’s minimums principle (PMP) considering To verify EMS, vehicle model first established. In meantime, cy...

Abstract. We consider triangular holes on the hexagonal lattice and we study their interaction when the rest of the lattice is covered by dimers. More precisely, we analyze the joint correlation of these triangular holes in a “sea” of dimers. We determine the asymptotics of the joint correlation (for large separations between the holes) in the case when one of the holes has side 1, all remainin...

In this paper we report some investigations on the problem of controlling isomerization for small polyatomic non–rigid molecules, using the LiNC/LiCN system as an example. Two methods of control in the classical ensemble of LiNC/LiCN system are described and analyzed by performing computer simulations for the corresponding canonical ensemble. The first method is based on controlling the total e...

The main issues of developing an automatic and reliable scheme for spline-tting are discussed and addressed in this paper, which are not fully covered in previous papers or algorithms. The proposed method incorporates B-spline active contours, the minimum description length (MDL) principle, and a novel control point insertion strategy based on maximizing the Potential for Energy-Reduction Maxim...

The main issues of developing an automatic and reliable scheme for spline-fitting are discussed and addressed in this paper, which are not fully covered in previous papers or algorithms. The proposed method incorporates B-spline active contours, the minimum description length (MDL) principle, and a novel control point insertion strategy based on maximizing the Potential for Energy-Reduction Max...

It is suggested that differentiated embryonic cells have a high specificity of molecular constitution as regards the surface layers surrounding their cellular membranes. Correspondingly, specific interface energies may characterize the early contacts between different cell types. The question is raised whether the morphology of the developing embryo may be understood in terms of cellular arrang...