one  of  the  fundamental needs  for  the  human  is  to  have  a  workplace in  which  they  can  do  their  workappropriately. worldwide energy crisis necessitated the construction of official buildings with smaller space and less air ventilation. this led to the reduction in air conditioning, accumulation of the contaminants in indoor, increased exposure, health threat concerning the staff i...

building construction challenge, in recent years, is the reduction of social, economical and environmentalimpacts along with economical nature and increasing life quality, as here sustainable construction is important. pre-fabrication and industrialization are referred as a solution of sustainable construction due to some of its main characteristics consisting of many sustainability aspects. du...

in this paper, to account for the effect of water stresses in the various growth stages under deficitirrigation, the multiplicative, seasonal and minimal approaches are integrated in the budgetmodel. to evaluate the model, the simulated yields for winter wheat (was grown in sharif abaddistrict) under various levels of water stress were compared with observed yields. the resultshowed, simulated ...

During building design there is a growing need to reduce energy usage whilst maintaining the comfort of the occupants. The latter is referred to as ‘thermal comfort’ and can be measured by the extent that the internal temperature of the building does not exceed a specified comfort level. Traditionally these two measures of building performance are seen as a trade off. Moreover, energy efficient...

A zero net energy (ZNE) building produces as much energy on-site as it uses annually -with a grid-tied, netmetered photovoltaic (PV) system and active solar water heating. On a plot of annual costs (the sum of utility bills and mortgage payments for energy options) versus percent energy savings, the path to ZNE extends from a base case building through a series of energy-saving designs to the Z...

The paper presents a work still in progress, but with promising results. We offer a new method of construction of word to number and number to word indices for very large corpus data (tens of billions of tokens), which is up to an order of magnitude faster than the current approach. We use HAT-trie for sorting the data and Daciuk’s algorithm for building a minimal deterministic finite state aut...

In this paper, we prove that any BL-general fuzzy automaton (BL-GFA) and its quotient have the same behavior. In addition, we obtain the minimal quotient BL-GFA and minimal quotient transformation of the BL-GFA, considering the notion of maximal admissible partition. Furthermore, we show that the number of input symbols and time complexity of the minimal quotient transformation of a BL-GFA are ...

BACKGROUND Today, the International Energy Agency is working under good practice guides that integrate appropriate and cost effective technologies. In this paper a new procedure to define building energy consumption in accordance with the ISO 13790 standard was performed and tested based on real data from a Spanish region. RESULTS Results showed that the effect of air changes on building ener...