While the entirety of 'Chemical Space' is huge (and assumed to contain between 10(63) and 10(200) 'small molecules'), distinct subsets of this space can nonetheless be defined according to certain structural parameters. An example of such a subspace is the chemical space spanned by endogenous metabolites, defined as 'naturally occurring' products of an organisms' metabolism. In order to underst...

The total fibrous and nonfibrous mineral content of the lung has been analyzed in a series of 14 men with lung cancer but no history of occupational dust exposure, and in a series of 14 control men matched for age, smoking history, and general occupational class. The lung cancer patients had an average of 525 +/- 369 X 10(6) exogenous mineral particles and 17.4 +/- 19.6 X 10(6) exogenous minera...

Osteoporosis, a skeletal disorder characterized by a reduction in bone strength, is becoming a major public health problem in the People's Republic of China, with a rapid increase observed among the population. Chinese guidelines particularly recommend use of active vitamin D in managing osteoporosis. 1,25-(OH)2D3 (calcitriol) is an active vitamin D metabolite. It plays a role in many biologica...

The role of bicarbonated mineral waters on lipid metabolism and lipoprotein concentrations in man has scarcely been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate whether drinking sodium bicarbonated mineral water affects postprandial cholesterol and triacylglycerol metabolism in postmenopausal women. In a three-way, randomised, crossover study, eighteen healthy postmenopausal women consu...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to carry out a comprehensive analysis of determinants of multiple bone fractures in children with regard to densitometric indices and markers of bone metabolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 112 children aged 5-18 years, including 81 patients with a history of at least 3 bone fractures and 31 healthy patients in a control group. Total body and sp...

A new hydroxylated metabolite of tamoxifen, Metabolite Y [trans-1-(p-beta-hydroxyethoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene] was characterized and subsequently measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in serum from patients receiving normal (10 mg twice daily) and high dose (greater than or equal to 150 mg twice daily) tamoxifen therapy for treatment of advanced breast cancer. In normal-dose...

eight wheat varieties some of which were earlier reported to be resistant to pythium arrhennmanes, were inoculated with p. arrhenomanes. inoculation was performed by placing 2-day-old seedlings on the edge of a p. arrhenomanes culture on corn meal agar for 3 h at 25°c. infected seedlings were then transferred to test tubes (9 mm dia.) containing glass beads and 1 ml of sterile water, and in...

In this review, we present the recent developments and future prospects of improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops using various complementary approaches. These include conventional breeding and molecular genetics, in addition to alternative farming techniques based on no-till continuous cover cropping cultures and/or organic nitrogen (N) nutrition. Whatever the mode of N fertilization...

BACKGROUND Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism represent one of the most complex complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Serotonin, a monoamine synthesized from tryptophan, may play a potential role in bone metabolism. Brain-derived serotonin exerts a positive effect on the bone structure by limiting bone resorption and enhancing bone formation. Tryptophan is the precursor not on...