Thiophenes are the simplest aromatic sulfur-containing compounds and are stable and widespread in fossil fuels. Regulation of sulfur levels in fuels and emissions has become and continues to be ever more stringent as part of governments' efforts to address negative environmental impacts of sulfur dioxide. In turn, more effective removal methods are continually being sought. In a chemical sense,...

nowadays, increased attention has been focused on internal combustion engine fuels. regarding environmental effects of internal combustion engines particularly as sources of pollution and depletion of fossil fuels, compressed natural gas has been introduced as an alternative to gasoline and diesel fuels in many applications. a high research octane number which allows combustion at higher compre...

Routine exposure to domestic cooking fuels is an important source of indoor air pollution causing deterioration of lung function. We conducted a community based cross-sectional study in 760 non-smoking rural women involved in household cooking with four types of cooking fuels i.e. Biomass, Kerosene stove, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Mixed (combination of two and more cooking fuels). Peak Exp...

As the need for alternative transportation fuels increases, it is important to understand the many effects of introducing fuels based upon feedstocks other than petroleum. Water intensity in "gallons of water per mile traveled" is one method to measure these effects on the consumer level. In this paper we investigate the water intensity for light duty vehicle (LDV) travel using selected fuels b...

Ethanol produced from grain and biodiesel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats are the major renewable liquid fuels being produced in the United States. Cellulosic ethanol and Fischer-Tropsch diesel are also renewable liquid fuels of considerable interest, but additional development is needed before they become significant parts of the renewable liquid fuels market. Thus, the discussion...

The soot oxidation activity of metallic iron nanoparticles was studied under real diesel engine conditions. Particulate matter (PM) was sampled at distinct temperatures, using fuels containing ferrocene. The results indicated an 80% reduction of accumulated PM using fuels doped with 50 ppm ferrocene at a temperature of 460 ◦C. Temperature-programmed catalytic oxidation tests indicated that PM o...

16 Journal of Forestry • September 2004 organics, and water repellency. The loss or transformation of surface litter and soil organic matter depends on local burn temperatures, which are controlled by such factors as fuel loads, types, and moisture contents, and fire weather. At higher temperatures, much of the mass of organic matter can be transformed into carbon dioxide and water vapor, with ...

Fuels based on renewable energy sources (RES) are considered as an important mean to cope with environmental problems in transport. The core objective of this paper is to investigate the perspectives of “renewable fuels” from economic, energetic and ecological points-of-view in a dynamic framework till 2050. Renewable fuels are various 1 and 2 generation biofuels as well as electricity and hydr...

The good thing about fossil fuels is that they are very energy dense, i.e., they contain a lot of energy per unit of volume. This means that fossil fuels are very good at powering cars and generating heat. The not-so-good thing about fossil fuels is that the earth has a limited amount of them. Because fossil fuels take millions of years to form, we will eventually use them up before more are ma...

Nowadays, increased attention has been focused on internal combustion engine fuels. Regarding environmental effects of internal combustion engines particularly as sources of pollution and depletion of fossil fuels, compressed natural gas has been introduced as an alternative to gasoline and diesel fuels in many applications. A high research octane number which allows combustion at higher co...