Precambrian atmospheric pCO2 levels were previously estimated using a simple thermodynamic model based on the mineral assemblage in paleosols. In addition to theoretical flaws with that model, recalculation of pCO2 levels using more recent thermodynamic data gives significantly lower values. A new model based on the mass balance of weathering in paleosols gives consistent results from three sep...

Archean supracrustal rocks from the Qingyuan area of northern Liaoning terrane, North China Craton, occur as enclaves or rafts various scales within tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) domes. They were normally subjected to metamorphism at amphibolite facies with locally granulite facies. We collected biotite two-feldspar gneiss Hongtoushan and conducted petrography, mineral chemistry, pha...

BACKGROUND Giardia intestinalis is one of the most common diarrhea-related parasites in humans, where infection ranges from asymptomatic to acute or chronic disease. G. intestinalis consists of eight genetically distinct genotypes or assemblages, designated A-H, and assemblages A and B can infect humans. Giardiasis has been classified as a possible zoonotic disease but the role of animals in hu...

Abstract The Saidikulam nephrite deposit, which is famous for its high-quality white no matter in history and nowadays, located the eastern part of Western Kunlun Orogen, northwestern margin Tibetan Plateau, Yutian County, Xinjiang, China. Field investigations petrographic observations revealed presence five mineral assemblage zones from granodiorite to dolomitic marble deposit: slightly epidot...

Giardiasis is a major problem in León, Nicaragua, yet despite this no data are available regarding the prevalence of different Giardia genotypes in this area. To address this question, a molecular analysis of Giardia isolates from humans and dogs living in the same area in León, Nicaragua was performed. Giardia isolates from 119 Nicaraguan patients and 8 dogs were successfully genotyped using s...

BACKGROUND Despite the high prevalence of giardiasis, the genetic characterization of Giardia lamblia has been poorly documented in Brazil and molecular epidemiology research has only been conducted in the last few years. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different G. lamblia assemblages and detect mixed infections among patients with giardiasis. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL F...

Giardia duodenalis is one of the most prevalent enteroparasites in children. This parasite produces several clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of genotypes of G. duodenalis causing infection in a region of southeastern Mexico. G. duodenalis cysts were isolated (33/429) from stool samples of children and molecular genotyping was performed by polymerase...

SUMMARY This study analyzed whether cervical canine dimensions measured at the enamel-cement junction can provide a basis for sex estimation in human skeletal remains and whether discriminant functions developed for one assemblage can be successfully applied also to others. Cervical canine dimensions were recorded for an Early Neolithic (Linear Pottery Culture) and an early medieval skeletal as...

Giardia duodenalis is divided into eight assemblages (named A to H). Isolates of assemblage A are divided into four sub-assemblages (AI, AII, AIII and AIV). While isolates of sub-assemblage AII are almost exclusively detected in human hosts, isolates of assemblage B are encountered in a multitude of animal hosts and humans. Here, we isolated single cysts of G. duodenalis from a human stool samp...