In comparison with multispectral image data, hyperspectral (HS) imagery with higher spectral resolution provides sufficient spectral resolution to describe diagnostic absorption signatures. Specific chemical bonds in materials, whether solid, liquid or gas, determine the surface reflectance and emittance, as variations in material composition often cause shifts in the position and shape of abso...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In a short-term study, Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) has been shown to improve intestinal absorption in short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients. This study describes longitudinal changes in relation to GLP-2 treatment for two years. METHODS GLP-2, 400 micrograms, s.c.,TID, were offered, to eleven SBS patients keeping parenteral support constant. 72-hour nutritional balance s...

In coeliac disease (CD), the risk of adverse calcium balance and reduced bone density is induced mainly by the disease, but also by a gluten-free diet (GFD), the only accepted CD therapy. Prebiotics through the beneficial impact on intestinal microbiota may stimulate calcium (Ca) absorption. In the present study, we hypothesised that the dietary inulin in GFD would influence positively the inte...

BACKGROUND Proton-pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia (PPIH) is the most recognized side effect of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). Additionally, PPIH is associated with hypocalcemia and hypokalemia. It is hypothesized that PPIs reduce epithelial proton secretion and thereby increase the pH in the colon, which may explain the reduced absorption of and Mg2+ and Ca2+. Fermentation of dietary olig...

The mineral content of legumes is generally high, but the bioavailability is poor due to the presence of phytate, which is a main inhibitor of Fe and Zn absorption. Some legumes also contain considerable amounts of Fe-binding polyphenols inhibiting Fe absorption. Furthermore, soya protein per se has an inhibiting effect on Fe absorption. Efficient removal of phytate, and probably also polypheno...

Bidirectional reflectance measurements are the only type of reflectance data available to the remote observer. For compositional interpretations, data are desired not only for identification of possible mineral components but also for modal abundance. The latter requires detailed information about the strength of absorption features. Using a new laboratory facility, the RELAB, laboratory data i...

Mineral metabolism in the mother must adapt to the demand created by the fetus and placenta, which together draw calcium and other minerals from the maternal circulation to mineralize the developing fetal skeleton. Similarly, mineral metabolism must adapt in the lactating woman to supply sufficient calcium to milk and the suckling neonate. Potential adaptations include increased intake of miner...

1. Bone mineral content of the second, third and fourth lumbar vertebrae was determined in normal women and women with clinical osteoporosis by using dual-photon (153Gd) absorption. 2. A cross-sectional study of 70 normal (aged 19-88 years) showed a bone loss of 44% from the age of around 34 years throughout life. 3. Longitudinal data from 59 normal women confirmed that the vertebral bone loss ...

Mineral and bone metabolism are regulated differently in utero compared with the adult. The fetal kidneys, intestines, and skeleton are not dominant sources of mineral supply for the fetus. Instead, the placenta meets the fetal need for mineral by actively transporting calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium from the maternal circulation. These minerals are maintained in the fetal circulation at hig...

The absorption of metal ions in the mammalian single-stomached gut is fortunately highly selective, and both luminal and tissue regulation occur. Initially, assimilation of metal ions in an available form is facilitated by the intestinal secretions, chiefly soluble mucus (mucin) that retards hydrolysis of ions such as Cu, Fe and Zn. Metal ions then bind and traverse the mucosally-adherent mucus...