Feeding interactions between parents and chicks in pygoscelid penguins are frequently associated with chases. We tested alternative predictions derived trom two functional hypotheses proposed to explain feeding chases: (1) the harassment of the parent by two begging, competing chicks is stressful and makes the parent run away to avoid stress (‘harassment avoidance hypothesis’) and (2) chases ar...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of 2 varieties of Purdue high-digestible sorghum (PHD1 and PHD2) and a normal sorghum, compared with corn, in diets of pigs and broiler chicks. In Exp. 1, 12 pigs (average BW, 55 kg) fitted with ileal T-cannula were fed 4 diets containing 946 g of corn or sorghum (PHD1, PHD2, and normal) per kg in a 2-period crossover design (i....

Pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (S.E) phage types (PTs) 6A and 7 were determined in orally inoculated newly hatched specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks. Clinical signs and mortality were observed daily. Body weights, bacterial isolation, gross lesions and histological lesions were recorded on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 post inoculations (pi). Out of 155 newly hatched SP...

Seabirds integrate bioaccumulative contaminants via food intake and have revealed geographical trends of contamination in a variety of ecosystems. Pre-fledging seabird chicks are particularly interesting as bioindicators of chemical contamination, because concentrations in their tissues reflect primarily dietary sources from the local environment. Here we measured 14 trace elements and 18 persi...

In the present study, a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of a combination of 3 ATCC lactobacilli (LAB3) or a commercially available probiotic culture (PROB) to reduce Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) in broiler chicks. Additionally, we varied the timing of PROB administration in relationship to Salmonella challenge and determined the i...

BACKGROUND The interaction between the effects of exogenous neurotransmitters and dietary composition on appetite regulation in nonmammalian species is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and dietary macronutrient composition on food intake regulation in broiler chicks. METHODS Three isocaloric diets wer...

Research has proved that disoriented children and nonhuman animals can reorient themselves using geometric and nongeometric features of the environment, showing conjoined use of both types of information to different degree depending on species and developmental level. Little is known of the neurobiological bases of these spatial reorientation processes. Here we take advantage of the neuroanato...

Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and quantitative PCR showed that the cecal microbiota of chicks up to the age of 21 days was dominated by representatives of the orders Enterobacteriales, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection caused the greatest changes in the gut microbiota when 1-day-old chicks were infected, compared with the i...

Anthropogenic noise can have important physiological and behavioral effects on wild animals. For example, urban noise could lead to a state of chronic stress and could alter the development of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Supporting this hypothesis, several studies have found that human disturbance is associated with increased circulating corticosterone (CORT) levels. However,...

Broilers with lower hatching weight (HW) present poorer performance than those with high HW, but there is limited research on the growth regulation of broilers with lower HW. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary methionine (Met) levels on the growth performance and breast muscle yield of broilers with different HW and underlying mechanisms. A total of 192 one-day...