The host immunological pathways are re-organized to get a clear picture. There are four acute immune responses: TH1/TH2/TH22/THαβ which are corresponding to four chronic immune responses: TH1Like/TH9/TH17/TH3. Then, the four branches of immune reactions can link to four types of hypersensitivities or allergies. THfh is the stimulatory pathway to initiate adaptive acute immunity. Another inhibit...

The current Swedish regulations for medical alerts in health records were designed for paper records. Suggestions for computerized systems are now being investigated. A proposed model using three alert categories, graphically represented using three directions, probably combined with three severity levels is presented here. Up represents hypersensitivities, left/back represents alerting diagnos...

Mutants of Escherichia coli K12, defective in phosphatidylserine synthetase (pss), can be isolated as temperature-sensitive, conditional lethals. When cultivated at intermediate temperatures (30 degrees), such mutants contain approximately 3 times more phosphatidylglycerol plus cardiolipin (and less phosphatidylethanolamine) than normal. We now wish to report that, under these conditions, the p...

in this survey aflatoxin contamination of fifty two samples of raw milk and nine samples of commercial milk were determined by t.l.c. method. the results showed that 92.31% of the samples of raw milk and all the samples of commercial milk were contaminated by aflatoxin m1 and m2. none of the samples contained alatoxin b1, b2, g1 and g2. the maximum amounts of 23/. g/lit and 20.1 g/lit were foun...

Excess sugar consumption in children has led to the removal of chocolate milk from some schools. Lower-sugar formulations, if accepted, would provide the benefits of milk consumption. In a cross-over trial, milk consumption was measured in 8 schools over 6 weeks in 2 phases: phase 1 provided standard 1% chocolate milk and plain 2% milk choices for the first 3 weeks, and phase 2 provided reduced...

the study was carried out on 120 crossbred holstein × shahiwal dairy cows for a period of 150 days to quantify the influence of dietary energy and protein intake on yield and composition of milk. total 12 dairy farms having similar housing systems and holding at least 20 dairy cows in between mid to late lactation were selected for study purposes. the farms were located in the peri-urban and ur...

This review describes the effects of milking (routine and management) on milk yield and milk quality on dairy ruminants and examines the physiological effects of milking on the synthesis and secretion of milk. During milking, differences in the composition of milk as a result of milk ejection reflex are observed: the cisternal milk, immediately available, contains little fat, then milk ejection...

Camel is known as “Ship of the Desert”. Camel milk is different from cow milk in its chemical composition but it contains all essential nutrients as cow milk. Indian camels yield 3.5 kg to 10 kg of milk per day. The taste of camel milk depends upon availability of plants for grazing. The water content of camel milk fluctuates from 84 percent to 90 percent. Camel keepers utilize milk either raw,...

Obesity is a major burden on healthcare systems. Simple, cost effective interventions that encourage healthier behaviours are required. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a salience nudge for promoting a change in milk selection from full-cream to low-fat (lower calorie) in the kitchen of a university-based research institute that provided full-cream and low-fat milk free of charge. Mi...