Prasaplai is used in Thai traditional medicine for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea; however, clinical evidence is limited regarding the efficacy of Prasaplai for primary dysmenorrheal outcomes. This study has constituted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate Prasaplai as an effective treatment for primary dysmenorrhea. Randomized controlled trials were retrieved and identified thr...

L are used commonly in agricultural systems Legume mulches are important sources of N for cereal crop producas a source of N for subsequent crops and for maintion, particularly for organic and resource-poor producers. A field taining soil N levels. This use is particularly important study was conducted using a direct method to determine if the amount in the humid tropics where N fertilizers oft...

Root knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) cause severe losses worldwide to a wide range of crops. Crop rotations with resistant hosts can be used to control losses, but the wide host range of RKN limits this option. In this study, we found that the wheat cultivar Lassik is resistant to several isolates of the RKN species M. incognita and M. javanica, including those that can reproduce on toma...

The influence of various cropping sequences on population densities of Meloidogyne hapla and carrot yield was studied in organic soil under microplot-and field conditions. Spinach, radish, barley, oat, and wheat were poor or nonhosts for M. hapla. Population densities of M. hapla were maintained or increased on cabbage, celery, lettuce, leek, marigold, and potato. Marketable percent-age and roo...

Evidence-based medicine is a redundant term to the extent that doctors have always claimed they practiced medicine on the basis of evidence. They have, however, disagreed about what exactly constitutes legitimate evidence and how to synthesize the totality of evidence in a way that supports clinical action. Despite claims to the contrary, little progress has been made in solving this hard probl...

The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) has identified a gap in the number of people it funds who are on a pathway to become future leaders of clinical trials, compared to how much the NIHR invests in clinical trials. In order to support the clinical trials of tomorrow, it is vital that the right people are supported now to lead these trials. To address this issue, NIHR organised a wo...

Recent controversies in medical research and the increasing reliance on randomized clinical trials to inform evidence-based practice have prompted coordinated attempts to standardize reporting and register information about trials for consistency and transparency. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines (D. G. Altman et al., 2001) and trial registry are described in this artic...

Background Careful site selection methods and tools such as questionnaires have evolved to become “best” practice in the commercial and non-commercial clinical trials setting. However, there is little evidence in the literature of the value of such methodology on trial delivery and there is no generally acceptable model or tool available for use in site selection. The Nottingham Clinical Trials...

Clinical trial registries are being increasingly acknowledged worldwide. We searched for possibly trustworthy online registries that are not already included in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to evaluate whether other useful trial data sources exist and whether they could potentially be consulted, since the strategy search within this platform has recently been questioned. ...

Conventional phase 2 clinical trials are typically single-arm experiments, with outcome characterized by one binary "response" variable. Clinical investigators are poorly served by such conventional methodology. We contend that phase 2 trials are inherently comparative, with the results of the comparison determining whether to conduct a subsequent phase 3 trial. When different treatments are st...