Introduction Chronic total occlusion (CTO) is common in diseased coronary and peripheral arteries. These occlusions are associated with myocardial infarction and ischemia in extremities that can lead to death and amputation, respectively. In many cases, revascularization has yielded beneficial outcomes. Percutaneous revascularization of chronic total occlusions is usually limited by failure of ...

BACKGROUND Understanding the three-dimensional (3-D) micro-architecture of lung tissue can provide insights into the pathology of lung disease. Micro computed tomography (µCT) has previously been used to elucidate lung 3D histology and morphometry in fixed samples that have been stained with contrast agents or air inflated and dried. However, non-destructive microstructural 3D imaging of formal...

Various murine models are currently used to study acute and chronic pathological processes of the liver, and the efficacy of novel therapeutic regimens. The increasing availability of high-resolution small animal imaging modalities presents researchers with the opportunity to precisely identify and describe pathological processes of the liver. To meet the demands, the objective of this study wa...

Diabetes is a systemic metabolic syndrome, in which high levels of blood glucose may be due to either a deficiency of insulin production (type I or insulin-dependent diabetes), or to a peripheral resistance to insulin action (type II or non-insulindependent diabetes). The resulting hyperglycemia leads to the activation of a series of events, such as the polyol pathway, the non-enzymatic glycosy...

BACKGROUND Macro-, micro-, and nanosized arrays of test sites at various densities have emerged as important types of analytical devices in response to the need for high volume parallel analysis in both the research and the clinical laboratory. CONTENT This review explores the diversity of arrays of reaction vessels and arrays of reagents and of samples, with an emphasis on the earliest descr...

PURPOSE Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary ocular cancer among the adult population. To avoid enucleation, there has been a concerted effort to develop therapies that spare the affected eye and the patient's vision. Blood flow helps shape the tumor's microenvironment, plays a key role in the tumor's response to many different types of therapy, and is necessary for delivery of chemoth...