Salmonella spp. and thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. are the most important causes of human bacterial diarrheal infections worldwide. These bacterial species are influenced by several factors like behaviour of the host, shedding, environment incl. directly or indirectly through ambient temperature, and the infections show seasonality. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the asso...

The question of urban informality today concerns the majority of the inhabitants and policy makers of regional metropolises, as well as those of secondary cities. This study aims to show that there are diverse mechanisms behind the complexity of urban housing informality in Egyptian cities. It develops a typology of informal housing and estimates quantities and values of different types of info...

Tropical rainforest regions are urbanizing rapidly, yet the role of emerging metropolises in driving wildlife overharvesting in forests and inland waters is unknown. We present evidence of a large defaunation shadow around a rainforest metropolis. Using interviews with 392 rural fishers, we show that fishing has severely depleted a large-bodied keystone fish species, tambaqui (Colossoma macropo...

© 1998 page 1 MIT Press Within the evolution of places including metropolises, cities, towns and neighborhoods, human beings and human organizations are the actors that make deals resulting in architectural changes to the built environment. The patterns that evolve are intentional at two levels: at a simple level, the actors (city planners) in the system directly intend to create certain featur...

the evolution of places including metropolises, cities, towns and neighborhoods, human beings and human organizations are the actors that make deals resulting in architectural changes to the built environment. The patterns that evolve are intentional at two levels: at a simple level, the actors (city planners) in the system directly intend to create certain features; and at more complex levels,...

Demand Bus System, a new public transportation system, is expected to be a convenient service for special transportation demands to solve more and more serious traffic problems concerning metropolises as Shanghai. Under this background, this paper focuses on evaluating the usability of the demand bus system rather than on the algorithms as the previous researches did. As a useful evaluation too...

We used the SLEUTH urban growth model, closely coupled with a land transition model, to simulate future urban growth in the Houston metropolitan area, one of the fastest growing metropolises in the United States during the past three decades. The model was calibrated with historical data extracted from a time series of satellite images. Three specific scenarios are designed to simulate the spat...

Current metropolises largely depend on a functioning transport infrastructure and the increasing demand can only be satisfied by a well organized mass transit. One example for a crucial mass transit system is New York City’s Staten Island Ferry, connecting the two boroughs of Staten Island and Manhattan with a regular passenger service. Today’s demand already exceeds 2500 passengers for a singl...

Considerable portion of housing sector from gross domestic product indicates relationship between housing sector and macroeconomics. This paper focuses on consumption demand of housing and variables that can affect it and represents a theoretical framework for changes of housing prices regarding variables such as income per capita, liquidity and land per capita, the present paper studies effect...

The dynamic observation of environmental changes – based on regions and countries – is a task that federal states as well as the federal German government and the other EU-members have to comply with, forced by EU-directives and their according laws at federal and state level. These legal requirements aim for an exact capture of changes in biotic and abiotic as well as in anthropogenic, urban, ...