The development of metro infrastructure projects (MIP) has been playing an important role in the economic growth in China through improving urban transportation condition. The economic benefits from MIP in China have been well appreciated. However, concerns on the utility efficiency and the impacts of MIP on social and environmental aspects have been increasingly raised. It is anticipated that ...

Most successful crime prevention efforts take the approach of "designing out crime" through the identification of highly specific crime problems and the development of preventive efforts to reduce them (Clarke, 1992). A study of the design, maintenance and management of "Metro," Washington, DCs subway system, allows for the novel approach of evaluating an effort to design in security at the out...

Nowadays, the majority of construction projects can be considered as complex and ambiguous endeavours. Each kind of construction project has its own characteristics and complexities whereas then specific management approaches and solutions are needed. Regarding the rapid development of cities, underground constructions at urban regions, such as metro construction, have been largely used for ext...

Ethernet has evolved from a local area to a wide area network technology. When it is used in a service provider environment, it has more complex requirements, which demand a set of management techniques for the Ethernet layer. Ethernet OAM comprises a set of management techniques for Carrier (or Metropolitan) Ethernet networks. Carrier Ethernet devices often have IP connectivity for management ...

In this article, we focus on the challenges and opportunities for broadband access deployment in India. We present an overview of the broadband scenario in India and the existing network architectures. We then review next generation technologies for broadband access including Metro Ethernet. We demonstrate how an optimal access architecture based on metro Ethernet can be developed for cost effe...

Many fire evacuation models have been proposed in recent years to better simulate such as an emergency situation. However most of them do not respect a recommendation of fire evacuation experts regarding the fact that evacuees should follow the boundaries of obstacles or wall to find the exits when their visibility is limited by smoke. This paper presents an agent-based evacuation model with Sm...

This paper analyzes a model with multiple firms (providers), and two classes of customers. These customers classes are characterized by their attitude towards ‘congestion’ (caused by other customers using the same resources); a firm is selected on the basis of both the prices charged by the firms, and the ‘congestion levels’. The model can be represented by a two-stage game: in the first provid...

The swift fox (Vulpes velox) is a small canid currently listed as endangered in the state of Nebraska. Current and future construction of the Heartland Expressway Corridor (HEC) through the Nebraska panhandle may be a cause for concern for resident swift fox populations. Current swift fox presence along the roadway will be documented before construction continues. We surveyed for swift foxes wi...

A new reactive strategy for multi-path routing in mobile ad-hoc networks is presented. Given a pair of communicating stations, we use the complete set of minimal-length paths – a so-called corridor – between the two. The potentially high number of paths within a corridor is efficiently installed by virtue of a new destination-discovery mechanism that is exclusively based on broadcast transmissi...