This paper presents a BIM-based Risk Identification Expert System (B-RIES) for metro construction, composed of three main built-in subsystems: BIM extraction, knowledge base management, and risk identification subsystems. The engineering parameter information related to risk factors is extracted from the BIM of a specific project where the IFC standard plays a bridge role between the BIM data a...

The travel patterns of senior citizens in Seoul were analyzed using Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) data. The focus was specifically on mode choices and transfer patterns. The results showed that 99% of trips made by senior citizens (individuals over 65 years old), who were given free subway transit passes, consisted of single-mode trips. The average travel time was 31 minutes, and subway trave...

BACKGROUND Demonstrating the equivalency between the traditional metro-based clerkships within close proximity to the academic health center and the nontraditional rural preceptorships is important. The University of Minnesota has had a 9-month longitudinal rural elective for third-year medical students for 40 years, the Rural Physician Associate Program (RPAP). In the metro area, traditional s...

In this section, we outline a theoretical model that we use to rationalize the empirical results reported below. First, the model explains a secular reallocation of employment over time towards more interactive occupations in terms of differences in productivity growth across occupations and inelastic demand. Second, the model predicts that this reallocation is stronger in metro areas than in n...

Xi'an Bell Tower (the Bell Tower) is a state-level ancient relic in China. The vibration caused by metro will exert adverse effect on the Bell Tower. This paper aims at presenting 3D-FEM models to predict the peak period velocity (PPV) of rammed earth base when the metro passing through the Bell Tower. The calculation results are compared with those of field test. Both results were found to be ...

We explore the impact of local economic conditions on the type and size of newly constructed housing. A slightly modified standard open monocentric city model predicts that, as long as land use regulation is relatively lax, positive local income shocks cause construction of more multifamily housing and smaller units. Exploiting metro area-level American Housing Survey (AHS) data from 1984 to 20...

We describe the Metro toolkit, which supports software modelling and analysis for requirements notations that have configurable semantics. Metro is based on a formalism, called template semantics, which structures the operational semantics of a family of notations as a predefined parameterized template that is instantiated with user-provided parameter values. Thus, the semantics of a single not...

This is an incorporated carrier which give all statistics approximately the metro rail and it’s routes for public. The proposed device internet primarily based totally GUI software presents concerning timings, fare. additionally has a entire module devoted transactions in even clever card may be supplied with out person's bodily presence. consists of area monitoring facility cutting-edge usage ...

This article develops an econometric analysis of metro station operating cost to identify factors that create variation in cost efficiency. Stations operating costs can be classified amongst the semifixed costs that a metro faces in the sense that they do not vary proportionately with metro output. They may therefore be important in determining the degree of returns to density. This article see...

Metro accessibility has attracted interest in sustainable transport analyses. Hence, the accuracy of metro-accessibility measures have become increasingly vital. Various spatiotemporal factors, including by-metro accessibility, land-use and to-metro affect metro accessibility; however, measuring while considering all these components simultaneously is challenging. By integrating factors into a ...