AIM The purpose of this investigation was to determine the kinetic frictional resistance offered by stainless steel and Titanium bracket used in combination with rectangular stainless steel wire during in vitro translatory displacement of brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study. Brackets: (All brackets used had a torque of - 7° and an angulation of 0°): (1) Dynalock (Unitek) 0.018'' slo...

Abstract. The traditional Hamiltonian structure of the equations governing conservative Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) is singular, i.e. it’s Poisson bracket possesses nontrivial Casimir functionals. We show that a special form of one of these Casimirs can be used to extend the bilinear Poisson bracket to a trilinear generalised Nambu bracket. It is further shown that the equations governing ...

Fixed orthodontic appliances can produce metal artefacts in CT images which may degrade the diagnostic image quality. The study aimed to evaluate based on types and location of metallic non-metallic brackets. This is an in-vitro cross-sectional study. Four different brackets (stainless steel, titanium, monocrystalline, polycrystalline ceramic bracket) were bonded consecutively four locations ca...

OBJECTIVE This in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological properties of commercially available metal orthodontic brackets in South Korea, because national standards for these products are lacking. METHODS FOUR BRACKET BRANDS WERE TESTED FOR DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY, (MANUFACTURING ERRORS IN ANGULATION AND TORQUE), CYTOTOXICITY, COMPOSITION, ELUTION, AND CORRO...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diverse gauges have been used to measure and determine bracket height for correct bracket positioning. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare bracket positioning accuracy by using height bracket positioning gauge (HBPG) and Boone gauge (BG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen sets of stone models were prepared from one patient. One set was employed to de-ter...

For any n ≥ 2 we define an isotopy invariant, 〈Γ〉n , for a certain set of n-valent ribbon graphs Γ in R, including all framed oriented links. We show that our bracket coincides with the Kauffman bracket for n = 2 and with the Kuperberg’s bracket for n = 3. Furthermore, we prove that for any n, our bracket of a link L is equal, up to normalization, to the SUn quantum invariant of L. We show a nu...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in quality of life impacts between subjects treated with Invisalign aligners (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) and those with fixed appliances during the first week of orthodontic treatment. METHODS A prospective, longitudinal cohort study involving 60 adult orthodontic patients (33 with Invisalign aligners, 27 with fixed...

We consider the Gelfand-Dickey (GD) structure defined by the Moyal ⋆product with parameter κ, which not only defines the bi-Hamiltonian structure for the generalized Moyal KdV hierarchy but also provides a W (κ) n algebra containing the Virasoro algebra as a subalgebra with central charge κ2(n3 − n)/3. The free-field realization of the W (κ) n algebra is given through the Miura transformation a...

  Objective: Increased enamel surface roughness following orthodontic bracket debonding leads to increased plaque accumulation and enamel decalcification. Therefore, different methods are employed to achieve smoother enamel surfaces after bracket debonding. This study compared enamel surface roughness following orthodontic bracket debonding and composite resin removal using white stone and tung...