The current study examined early signs of implicit metacognitive monitoring in 3.5-year-old children. During a learning phase children had to learn paired associates. In the test phase, children performed a recognition task and choose the correct associate for a given target among four possible answers. Subsequently, children's explicit confidence judgments (CJs) and their fixation time allocat...

This essay describes a general approach to building perturbation-tolerant autonomous systems, based on the conviction that artificial agents should be able to notice when something is amiss, assess the anomaly, and guide a solution into place. This basic strategy of self-guided learning is termed the metacognitive loop; it involves the system monitoring, reasoning about, and, when necessary, al...

educational psychology, but what exactly is metacognition? The length and abstract nature of the word makes it sound intimidating, yet it’s not as daunting a concept as it might seem. We engage in metacognitive activities every day. Metacognition enables us to be successful learners and has been associated with intelligence. Metacognition refers to higher order thinking which involves active co...

Although learning protocols seem to be a promising possibility as a form of follow-up course work, cognitive and metacognitive learning activities proved to be suboptimal in “naive” protocols. Therefore, learning protocols were structured by prompts to elicit cognitive and metacognitive learning activities and thereby improve their effects. An experiment with four conditions was conducted. The ...

Achieving expertise in any area requires extensive practice and engagement with the subject one desires to master. As not all practice yields good progress, methods must be found that lead learners to practice effectively. Many experts employ highly tailored practice involving metacognitive processes, but novices rarely engage in frequent and explicit metacognitive strategies during practice. A...

This research explored the possibility that a metacognitive control process (namely, the allocation of self-paced study time) might be affected by the output from metacognitive monitoring processes (i.e., ease-of-learning and/or feeling-of-knowing judgments). In three experiments, university undergraduates received instructions that emphasized either accuracy of learning or speed of learning. T...

Metacognition is a significant part of human abilities. Metacognitive knowledge can be described as what we know about our own cognitive processes (Young & Fry, 2008). This research aims at measuring perception of science teachers about metacognitive awareness. The sample consists of 52 science teachers from six schools in Perak, Malaysia. Metacognitive awareness was measured using Metacognitiv...

We examined the roles of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, syntactic awareness in English, and English vocabulary knowledge in the English reading comprehension of Chinese-speaking university students (n = 278). Results suggested a two-factor model of a General Reading Knowledge factor (metacognitive awareness employed during the English reading process) and a Second Language (L2) ...

Metacognitive awareness has been shown to be a critical skill for academic success. However, students often struggle to regulate this ability during learning tasks. The current study investigates how features designed to promote metacognitive awareness can be built into the game-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS) iSTART-2. College students (n=28) interacted with iSTART-2 for one hour, comp...