While the international trade in small ruminants and small ruminant products is small relative to the trade in bovine, swine and poultry products, it is still economically important. In addition to wool, it includes some unique products (such as goat and sheep milk cheeses, cashmere fibre and karakul pelts) and the sheep/goat meat trade plays a large part in sustaining livelihoods in several re...

an inactivated agalactia vaccine was prepared with mycoplasma agalactiae in fermenter. the culture was inactivated and subsequently adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel. four sheep and four goats were immunized with the experimental vaccine. two doses of 1ml of vaccine were administered three weeks interval. monthly, blood samples were taken from the vaccinated animals up to the fifth month a...

background: epidemiological investigations on toxoplasma gondii infection have found a significant association between human toxoplasmosis and consumption of raw or undercooked meat. the present study aimed to characterize genotypes of t. gondii in 20 cattle, 40 sheep, 15 goats and 16 pigs from the north of portugal. methods: nested pcr amplified the surface antigen 2 (sag2) gene. sequencing an...

conclusions evidence of t. gondii occurrence in sheep and camels was provided in the provinces under study. there is a need to investigate the potential risk factors of zoonotic infections. furthermore, animal health and production losses caused by the parasite; and associated zoonotic implications in the area under study need to be explored. materials and methods animals in the field and those...

.................................................................... 3 Introduction............................................................... 3 History.............................................................................. 3 Function of sodium chloride (NaCl) in animal physiology..........4 The function of Sodium (Na)...................................................5 The function ...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute and highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, which is newly emerging in Pakistan. Information provided by participatory disease surveillance teams was used to develop a database for PPR outbreaks in Pakistan. Twenty-four villages were selected throughout the country and field investigations were conducted in each village to study the dynam...

the present study was conducted on sixty healthy female domestic ruminants that suffered from still births or abortion, to find sero-positive cases and also to determine the probable role of uterine tissue in diagnosis of akabane viral infection and viral persistency. because of this, a serological test (elisa) and molecular (rt-pcr) diagnostic methods were used to find the seropositive cases a...

the aim of this work was to study the possibility of using a new commercial polyester/cotton fabric to repair large sized umbilical and abdominal hernias in calves and small ruminants. twenty-four animals (16 calves, 3 buffalo calves, 4 sheep, 1 goat) with umbilical or abdominal hernia were included in this study. the diameter of hernial ring ranged from (12-25) cm. an underlay technique was us...

We report the first complete genome sequence of a lineage III peste des petits ruminants virus (KN5/2011) using RNA extracted from goat lung tissue collected in Kenya in 2011. The genome shows the highest nucleotide sequence identity with lineage II peste des petits ruminants viruses (PPRVs) (86.1 to 87.2%) and the lowest with lineage IV PPRVs (82.5 to 83.8%).

Methane emissions from ruminant livestock have been intensively studied in order to reduce contribution to the greenhouse effect. Ruminants were found to produce more enteric methane than other mammalian herbivores. As camelids share some features of their digestive anatomy and physiology with ruminants, it has been proposed that they produce similar amounts of methane per unit of body mass. Th...