background: tubal ligation (tl) is recommended for women who have completed their family planning. the existence of the menstrual disorders following this procedure has been the subject of debate for decades. this study was conducted to identify the relationship between tubal ligation and menstrual disorders. materials and methods: a historical cohort study was carried out on 140 women undergoi...

Background Iron deficiency anemia is a global health problem, and approximately 50% of anemia is caused by iron deficiency. According to studies, iron supplementation in young females improves iron status by increasing concentration of hemoglobin. To compare of prescribing two methods of iron supplementation administered either on a weekly basis or during menstruation, on hemoglobin level and...

BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent synthetic chemicals that are widely used in industrial applications and often detectable in humans. In rats, PFASs can interfere with the estrous cycle. In humans, menstruation has been viewed as a proxy of female fecundity, and periodic menstruation plays a critical role in endometrial sloughing in the absence of p...

Background: Menstrual characteristics may serve as surrogate measures of endogenous estrogen and may be related to breast cancer risk. This case-control study investigated the relationship between menstrual factors and risk of breast cancer incidence in Iranian Center for Breast Cancer (ICBC). Materials and Methods: Forty seven Cases of breast cancer referred to ICBC and 77 controls were studie...

Objective: To investigate possible risk factors for the development of endometriosis. Study Design: A case control study of 147 women with a new diagnosis of endometriosis, and 131 normal controls recruited from well women clinics. Controls were screened for the presence of symptoms of endometriosis. The setting was two tertiary referral centres for endometriosis and surrounding community clini...

BACKGROUND In women, prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is associated with adult reproductive dysfunction. The mouse model, which replicates many DES outcomes, suggests DES causes epigenetic alterations, which are transmissable to daughters of prenatally exposed animals. We report menstrual and reproductive characteristics in a unique cohort comprising daughters of women exposed pren...

This article reviews the literature on sex-specific strategy use in cognitive tasks with the aim to carve out a link between sex differences in different cognitive tasks. I conclude that male strategies are commonly holistic and oriented toward global stimulus aspects, while female strategies are commonly decomposed and oriented toward local stimulus aspects. Thus, the strategies observed in di...

Demands involving the scheduling and interleaving of multiple activities have become increasingly prevalent, especially for women in both their paid and unpaid work hours. Despite the ubiquity of everyday requirements to multitask, individual and gender-related differences in multitasking have gained minimal attention in past research. In two experiments, participants completed a multitasking s...