Abstract Memory B cell is a heterogenous population and such heterogeneity focus of active investigation. How distinct subsets memory cells respond to repeated novel antigen challenges as SARS-CoV-2 in human remains subject vigorous research. We employed fluorochrome-conjugated streptavidin tetramers bound with RBD wild-type omicron variant (B.1.1.529), respectively, sort RBD-specific performed...

B-cell memory has been extensively analyzed in the systemic immune response elicited by hapten-carrier antigens, and the regulatory mechanisms underlying the process are beginning to be elucidated. Memory B cells can be generated through heterogeneous pathways within and outside germinal centers (GCs). Once developed, they appear to be maintained like stem cells for long periods by homeostatic ...

In primary humoral responses, B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) is a master regulator of follicular helper T (TFH) cell differentiation; however, its activation mechanisms and role in memory responses remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that survival of CXCR5(+) TFH memory cells, and thus subsequent recall antibody response, require Bcl6 expression. Furthermore, we show that, upon rechallenge with solub...

Autoreactive B cells are not completely purged from the primary B cell repertoire, and whether they can be prevented from maturation into memory B cells has been uncertain. We show here that a population of B cells that dominates primary immune responses of BALB/c mice to influenza virus A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (HA) are negatively selected in transgenic mice expressing PR8 HA as an abundant mem...

Peripheral CD27+ memory B-cells become quantitatively reduced and dysfunctional in patients with cirrhosis through poorly characterized mechanisms. We hypothesized that the disappearance of CD27+ memory B-cells results from enhanced sensitivity to apoptosis caused by exposure to gut microbial translocation products. Using isolated naïve and memory B-cells from patients with cirrhosis and age-ma...

Humoral memory to an antigen (Ag) is maintained for several decades in the form of memory B cells and serum Ab. In fact, plasma cells (PCs) that secrete Ab are known to be long-lived and could be solely responsible for maintaining the long-lived Ab titers. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the PC compartment is maintained for long periods by the differentiation of memory cells into long-...