Mystery and controversy still surround the entity of pseudo-membranous enterocolitis. Emphasis has been placed on the condition occurring postoperatively (Pettet, Baggenstoss, Dearing, and Judd, 1954; van Prohaska, Mock, Baker, and Collins, 1961), and in association with antibiotic therapy (Cummins, 1961; Hale and Cosgriff, 1957; Pearce and Dineen, 1960). Many authors have claimed that it is al...

Various forms of hypogammaglobulinemia can occur in patients with autoimmune diseases and vice versa. We report a 13-yr-old boy with membranous nephropathy and common variable immunodeficiency. He presented with the nephrotic syndrome, pneumonia with bronchiectasis, and profound hypogammaglobulinemia. Renal biopsy showed diffusely thickened glomerular capillary walls with 'spikes' suggesting a ...

Membranous or membranous-haemorrhagic lesions of the dura mater were found in 46 out of 1,044 consecutive necropsies after excluding those cases where their presence could be interpreted in terms of blood dyscrasia, local neoplastic processes, previous surgery, or marked craniocerebral trauma. The extent of old and recent manifestations of haemorrhage in the membranes increased in a statistical...

introduction idiopathic membranous nephropathy (mn) is a common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. recently, m-type phospholipase a2 receptor (pla2-r) has been discovered as the main podocyte antigen in the pathogenesis of idiopathic mn. materials and methods in this mini review, the author searched english-language medline for the terms “membranous nephropathy”, “rituximab”, and “phospholipase...

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is one of the most challenging problems faced by clinicians in the tropics owing to its fast-changing burden. Acute Kidney Injury is an important complication of membranous nephropathy. Causes are varied and include hypovolumia, crescentic conversion of preexisting nephropathy, renal vein thrombosis, NSAID'S, vasculitis, and sepsis. In this case report we discuss the c...