Abstract The application of adhesives in modern timber engineering often introduces moisture into the wood, leading to permanent residual stresses after hardening. This paper proposes a novel approach assess these by using wooden bilayers as reporter system. For thin bilayers, moisture-induced lead pronounced visible flexion that can be used identify stress-driving parameters adhesive’s gelatio...

Abstract The aim of the research was to identify influence different microencapsulated reaction time on morphology, size, infrared spectral, thermal and micromechanical properties melamine formaldehyde microspheres, synthesised with modified in situ polymerisation. Microspheres are particles a blurred boundary core shell due their same composition. synthesis microspheres paused after 1, 3, 9 15...

The development of natural-based adhesives is a key aspect in reducing the consumption fossil resources, adapting to legislation on use formaldehyde and ensuring sustainability wood panel industry. This study focuses five alternatives for tannin-based (tannin-paraformaldehyde, tannin-glyoxal, tannin-hexamine, tannin non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) with ammonium hydroxide NIPU HDMA bio-adhesi...

Chemical modifications for waste oil palm trunks had carried out as acoustic material. This modification was conducted in two stages. Firstly, formalization with formaldehyde solution and secondly is impregnation melamine-formaldehyde resin. Formalization alkaline condition (pH 10) 3 days 5 days. Impregnation under pressure bar held an hour. For completed these modification, the samples cured a...