Three-dimensional CFD studies of the mean airflow over various research ships and a generic tanker/bulk carrier have been performed. The bias in the wind speed measurements is highly dependent upon anemometer position and ship shape. Even for anemometers in well-exposed locations on research ships the wind speed may be biased by about 10 %. Anemometers located above the bridge of tankers/bulk c...

a wind farm is a collection of wind turbines built in an area to provide electricity. wind power is a renewable energy resource and an alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. in this paper impact of wind farms in power system reliability is investigate and a new procedure for reliability assessment of wind farms in hl1 level is proposed. in proposed procedure, application of fuzzy – markov f...

A comprehensive model evaluation has been conducted for MM5-CMAQ for the period of 1–10 July 1999 of the Southern Oxidants Study episode with a coarse-grid horizontal spacing of 32-km and a nested fine-grid spacing of 8-km. Meteorological and chemical predictions from simulations with both grids are compared with observations from both routine monitoring networks (e.g., CASTNet, IMPROVE, and AI...

In this paper, we developed a new method to forecast 10minutes ahead wind speed based on Heteroscdastic Gaussian Process and investigated the impacts of this predicting on a mix-mode operated building. The forecasting result shows the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 9.2%. The indoor air temperature, infiltration air change rate and cooling energy consumption varied 25% in average compa...

On the basis of wind speeds and accelerations derived from U.S. Navy sponsored 300-mb. constant level balloon or transosonde flights made during 1953, 1955, and 1956, statistics are presented on the magnitude of the ageostrophic wind and its variation with latitude and wind speed. These qtatistics indicate that at 300 mb. the average angle between wind and geostrophic wind is 11 degrees ,and th...

We propose a statistical space-time model for predicting atmospheric wind speed based on deterministic numerical weather predictions and historical measurements. We consider a Gaussian multivariate space-time framework that combines multiple sources of past physical model outputs and measurements along with model predictions in order to produce a probabilistic wind speed forecast within the pre...

HF radar can be employed to measure sea surface state parameters such as waveheight, wind field and surface current velocity. This paper describes the application of the high frequency ground wave radar in remote sensing the surface conditions over the Eastern China Sea in October, 2000. The radar, referred to as the OSMAR2000, was developed by Wuhan University. Preliminary wave spectra, wavehe...

in recent years, there has been a fast growth in wind energy conversion system (wecs). there are two general types of wind turbines in wecs: fixed speed wind turbines and varying speed wind turbines.permanent magnet synchronous generator (pmsg) is one of the most attractive generators for the varying speed turbine wecs.in this paper, a fuzzy controller is proposed to control the current source ...

We have computed two Geophysical Model Functions (one for the vertical and one for the horizontal polarization) for the NSCAT scatterometer by using neural networks. These Neural Network Geophysical Model Functions (NN-GMF) were estimated with NSCAT scatterometer sigma-0 measurements collocated with ECMWF analyzed wind vectors during the period 15 January 1997 to 15 April 1997. We performed a S...

precipitation is one of important parameters of climatology and atmospheric science that have more importance in human life. recently, extensive flood and drought entered many damage to most parts of the world. precipitation forecasting and alerts management role is responsible for these problems. today, artificial neural networks are one of developed method that applied for estimate and predic...