mashhad plain is one of the most important regions of apple cultivated areas. occurring spring late frost creates a lot of damages on bud and decreasing the yield of apple in this region. assessment and risk modeling of frost damage would be useful to manage and decrease the damage. the study area is a part of khorasan razavi province which is located in mashhad plain. this region is located in...

The timing of life history traits is central to lifetime fitness and nowhere is this more evident or well studied as in the phenology of flowering in governing plant reproductive success. Recent changes in the timing of environmental events attributable to climate change, such as the date of snowmelt at high altitudes, which initiates the growing season, have had important repercussions for som...

                The value of frost tolerance in wheat is increased with decreasing the temperature in late autumn and/or early winter (phase I, acclimation), then shows plateau state for a period with the coldest temperature (II), finally appears to decrease with warming the temperature (III, de-acclimation). This study was aimed to determine the threshold frost hardiness in wheat for avoiding ...

the research argues that the ending divine attributes of the quranic verses are related semantically to the verses’ theme. according to the content of the quranic verses, supported by some commentators, the ending divine attributes of the verses have such a deep semantic relationship with the verse content that if we abandon the ending attributes, some disorder is made in the verse theme. this ...

fridges are used in various industries, and heat exchanger is one of the main components of these systems; therefore, efficiency analysis of these systems is very important. in many fridges, frost over the heat exchanger tubes or pipes affects the system operation and reduces heat transfer between the refrigerant and ambient, so defrosting systems are usually used to enhance heat transfer. desi...

Freezing stress is one of the most important limiting factors determining the ecological distribution and production of tree species. Assessment of frost risk is, therefore, critical for forestry, fruit production, and horticulture. Frost risk is substantial when hazard (i.e., exposure to damaging freezing temperatures) intersects with vulnerability (i.e., frost sensitivity). Based on a large n...

introduction frost as a harmful climatologic phenomenon affects various human activities and biological processes. due to mountainous nature of kurdistan province as the study area of this research in one hand and type and diversity of effective air masses on the other, the frequency, severity and duration of this phenomenon in the province are outstanding. confronting frost could be one of the...

The variation in the frost structure on a number of microgrooved brass surfaces is examined through an experimental study. The microgrooved samples are 45 mm x 45 mm in dimension with a broad range of groove dimensions. Frost is grown on these microgrooved surfaces under natural convection for a range of plate temperature (-8 to -18 C) and relative humidity (30-70%) conditions. The frost struct...

This report provides a brief review of key findings related to frost resistance in alpine woody plant species, summarizes data on their frost resistance, highlights the importance of freeze avoidance mechanisms, and indicates areas of future research. Freezing temperatures are possible throughout the whole growing period in the alpine life zone. Frost severity, comprised of both intensity and d...