It is usually stated in the literature that Geneva was first city to adopt mean solar time, 1780, followed by London (or whole of England) 1792, Berlin 1810 and Paris 1816. In this short paper I will partially revise statement, using primary references when available, provide dates for a few other European cities. Although no exact date found public use primacy seems belong England, 1778-1779 (...

We consider an extension of the mean inactivity time based on a non-negative weight function. show various properties new notion, and relate it to functions interest in reliability theory information measures, such as dynamic cumulative entropy, past varentropy, weighted entropy. Moreover, comparison times, we introduce study stochastic order compare with other suitable orders. also discuss som...

When dealing with dynamic optimization problems, time consistency is a desirable property as it allows one to solve the problem efficiently through backward recursion. The mean-risk known be inconsistent when considered in its scalarized form. However, left original bi-objective form, turns out satisfy more general that seems better suited vector problem. In “Time Consistency of Mean-Risk Probl...

Modeling the reliability of distributed systems requires a good understanding of the reliability of the components. Careful modeling allows highly fault-tolerant distributed data applications to be constructed at the least cost. Failure and repair rates of components are often assumed to be exponentially distributed. This hypothesis is testable for failure rates, though the process of gathering...

BACKGROUND Estimation of the number of people in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings requires information on the time from seroconversion to ART eligibility and from ART eligibility to death. OBJECTIVES To estimate duration from seroconversion to different ART eligibility criteria and from ART eligibility to death in HIV-infected adults in low-income and middle-i...

Characteristic times for transport processes in biological systems may be evaluated as mean transit times (MTTs) (for transit states) or mean residence times (MRT) (for steady states). It is shown in a general framework of a (linear) reaction–diffusion–convection equation that these two times are related. Analytical formulas are also derived to calculate moments of exit time distribution using ...