conclusions molecular epidemiology studies of infectious diseases have been useful when bacterial isolates have been clustered in a period of time and in different geographical regions with variable antibiotic resistance patterns. in spite of high geographical differences and different antibiotic resistant patterns, low genetic diversity among the studied tb isolates may refer to the low rate o...

People infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV are much more likely to develop active tuberculosis (TB) than people with M. tuberculosis but without HIV [1]. Patients infected with multidrugresistant (MDR)-TB (defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most powerful antiTB drugs) require longer, more expensive treatment regimens than drug-susceptible TB, with p...

In Argentina, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) outbreaks emerged among hospitalized patients with AIDS in the early 1990s and thereafter disseminated to the immunocompetent community. Epidemiological, bacteriological, and genotyping data allowed the identification of certain MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreak strains, such as the so-called strain M of the Haarlem lineage and strai...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant to an increasing number of second-line drugs used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) are becoming a threat to public health worldwide. We surveyed the Network of Supranational Reference Laboratories for M. tuberculosis isolates that were resistant to second-line anti-TB drugs during 2000-2004. We defined extensively drug-resi...

People infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV are much more likely to develop active tuberculosis (TB) than people with M. tuberculosis but without HIV [1]. Patients infected with multidrugresistant (MDR)-TB (defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most powerful antiTB drugs) require longer, more expensive treatment regimens than drug-susceptible TB, with p...

In Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) was diagnosed for more than a third of new sputum smear-positive tuberculosis patients for whom treatment had failed. This finding suggests a significant risk for community-acquired MDR TB and a need to make rapid molecular drug susceptibility testing available to more people.

BACKGROUND Paediatric multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is a public health challenge of growing concern, accounting for an estimated 15% of all global cases of MDR tuberculosis. Clinical management is especially challenging, and recommendations are based on restricted evidence. We aimed to assess existing evidence for the treatment of MDR tuberculosis in children. METHODS We did a system...

The emergence of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB) is a threat to TB control programs in developing countries such as Zambia. Studies Zambia have applied molecular techniques understand drug-resistance-associated mutations, circulating lineages and transmission patterns multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, none has reported genotypes mutations a...

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown significant differences and lack clarity on whether resistance to either isoniazid or rifampicin can predict multidrug tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Some consider be a surrogate for MDR-TB. We, therefore, conducted this study determine Results A total of 315 Mycobacteria isolates were tested against isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol streptomycin using th...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is increasing throughout the world. Although previous treatment for TB is the most important risk factor for development of MDR-TB, treatment-naοve patients are also at risk due to either spontaneous mutations or transmission of drug-resistant strains. We sought to ascertain the prevalence of MDR-TB among new ca...