Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) possesses a plethora of virulence determinants, including the production biofilm, pigments, exotoxins, proteases, flagella, and secretion systems. The aim our present study was to establish relationship between biofilm-forming capacity, expression some important factors, multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype in P. aeruginosa. A total three hundred two (n = 3...

Among Acinetobacter species, A. baumannii and other closely related species are commonly implicated in nosocomial infections. These organisms are usually multidrug resistant (MDR), and therapeutic options to treat A. baumannii infections are very limited. Clinicians have been resorting to older antimicrobial agents to treat infections caused by MDR A. baumannii, and some of these agents have do...

The surge in the prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections with limited treatment led to colistin reusing treat MDR infections. This study aimed determine economical, simple, and reliable susceptibility testing methods as an alternative microdilution technique. We compared seven methods, including quantitative qualitative, namely: Disk diffusion, E-test, ComASPT...

Multi-Drugs Resistance (MDR) is a condition where bacteria are resistant to at least one type of antibiotic from three classes antibiotics. One the organisms included in MDR an Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. Multi-drug resistance have been widely reported globally as cause severe infections. Still, information on comparison Length Stay (LOS), hospitalization costs, ...

background staphylococcus aureus is associated with different infections ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to endocarditis and fatal pneumonia. s. aureus is still the most common bacterial species isolated from inpatient specimens and the second most common from outpatient specimens. today, methicillin resistant s. aureus (mrsa) isolates are present in the hospitals of most countries...

This paper reviews the antimicrobial profile and available clinical data for the first member of the glycylcycline class, tigecycline. Emerging multi-drug resistance among gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens continues to limit the antibiotic armamentarium. Tigecycline, a derivative of minocycline, may provide a therapeutic option in select patients, given its broad spectrum of activity, i...

background and purpose: today, treatment of life-threatening fungal infections, caused by candida species, has become a major problem. in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility patterns of different clinical candida isolates, determine the virulence factors in multi-drug resistant (mdr) candida species, and assess the anti-biofilm activity of elettaria cardamomum ...

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are spread through the world which causes nosocomial infections, especially in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This study aimed to investigate resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from patients in ICU. During 2011-2012, 30 isolates for each P. aeruginosa and E. cloacae were collected from patients who acquired nosocomial in...

Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) as a causative agent of nosocomial infections is a health threat, especially in hospitals. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of MDR C. freundii, considering isolation sites and a variety of utilized antibiotics. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the clinical samples of C. freundii s...

Nosocomial infection (infection acquired after 48 hours of hospitalization, or within 2 weeks of a previous hospitalization) is becoming a problem of global significance. In human hospitals, prevention of nosocomial infection has become paramount, and the emergence of multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria has made prevention even more difficult. According to the World Health Organization repor...