Transients have utmost importance in the lifetime and performance degradation of PEM fuel cells. Recent studies show that cyclic transients can induce hygro-thermal fatigue. In particular, the amount of water in the membrane varies significantly during transients, and determines the ionic conductivity and the structural properties of the membrane. In this work, we present three-dimensional time...

The development of next-generation polymer-based electrolytes for energy storage applications would greatly benefit from a deeper understanding transport phenomena in these systems. In this Perspective, we argue that the Onsager equations provide an intuitive but underutilized framework analyzing electrolytes. Unlike ubiquitous Stefan–Maxwell equations, generates coefficients with clear physica...

A multiple-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) is proposed for multicomponent mixtures, where compressible, hydrodynamic, and thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects are taken into account. It allows the specific heat ratio Prandtl number to be adjustable, suitable both low high speed fluid flows. From physical side, besides being consistent with Navier-Stokes equations, Fick's law Stef...

A new lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) for chemically reactive mixtures is presented. The approach capitalizes on the recently introduced thermodynamically consistent LBM multicomponent of ideal gases. Similar to non-reactive case, present features Stefan–Maxwell diffusion chemical species and a fully on-lattice mean-field realization momentum energy flow. Besides introducing reaction mechanism in...

Brent Hoon (Brent ByungHoon Kang, UNC at Charlotte) said that although Conficker had been contained (by buying up the domain names to be used in C&C) in 2009, Conficker has never disappeared. They are still seeing hits, and there appear to be about six million IP addresses that show signs of infection. Stefan Savage wondered how you could economically get patches to six million people. Someone ...