introduction: orthogonal radial fields are those in which the central axes are perpendicular to each other. an example of these orthogonal fields is the set of craniospinal orthogonal fields that are used for radiotherapy of medulloblastoma. craniospinal radial fields consist of two parallel-opposed fields for brain exposure and one or two posterior spinal fields for spinal cord exposure. the m...

We present topics in the Langlands Program to graduate students and a wider mathematically mature audience. study both global local aspects characteristic zero as well p p ...

Permeability plays an important role in subsurface fluid flow studies, being one of the most important quantities for the prediction of fluid flow patterns. The estimation of permeability fields is therefore critical and necessary for the prediction of the behavior of contaminant plumes in aquifers and the production of petroleum from oil fields. In the particular case of production of petroleu...

Marsupial mammals are born in an embryonic state, as compared with their eutherian counterparts, yet certain features are accelerated. The most conspicuous of these features are the precocial forelimbs, which the newborns use to climb unaided from the opening of the birth canal to the teat. The developmental mechanisms that produce this acceleration are unknown. Here we show that heterochronic ...

Abstract With the development of bioinformatics, it is easy to obtain information and data about thousands genes, but determination functions these genes depends on methods for rapid effective functional identification. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) a mature method identification developed over last 20 years, which has been widely used in many research fields involving species. Fruit qual...

Photospheric ephemeral regions (EPRs) cover the Sun like a magnetic carpet. From this, we update the Babcock – Leighton solar dynamo. Rather than sunspot fields appearing in the photosphere de novo from eruptions originating in the deep interior, we consider that sunspots form directly in the photosphere by a rapid accumulation of like-sign field from EPRs. This would only occur during special ...

The accurate calculation of the sound field is one most concerning issues in hydroacoustics. one-dimensional spectral method has been used to correctly solve simplified underwater acoustic propagation models, but it difficult actual ocean fields using this model due its application conditions and approximation error. Therefore, necessary develop a direct solution for two-dimensional Helmholtz e...

objective: chlorpyrifos (cpf) is a neurotoxic organophosphorus (op) insecticide. its mechanism of action includes oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (ache). the aim of the present study is to investigate cpf toxicity in mature and immature cerebellar granule neurons (cgns), as well as its effect on glutamate induced excitotoxicity. materials and ...