Culture extends biology in that the setting of development shapes the traditions that individuals learn, and over time, traditions evolve as occasional variations are learned by others. In humans, interactions with others impact the development of cognitive processes, such as sustained attention, that shape how individuals learn as well as what they learn. Thus, learning itself is impacted by c...

The catalytic cracking method of PAHs for the pyrolysis gaseous products is proposed to control their pollution to the environment. In this study, the Py-GC-MS is used to investigate in situ the catalytic effect of CaO and Fe2O3 on the 16 PAHs from Pingshuo coal pyrolysis under different catalytic temperatures and catalyst particle sizes. The results demonstrate that Fe2O3 is effective than tha...

The kinetics of alkane cracking in zeolites MFI and FAU have been simulated theoretically from first principles. The apparent rate coefficient for alkane cracking was described as the product of the number of alkane molecules per unit mass of zeolite that are close enough to a Brønsted-acid site to be in the reactant state for the cleavage of a specific C-C bond and the intrinsic rate coefficie...

Sunlight heats the greenhouse air temperature and tomato cracking decreases marketable product up to 90%. A shade screen reduced incoming radiation during warm and sunny conditions to reduce tomato cracking. A fuzzy controller managed greenhouse irrigation to reduce tomato cracking using as variables solar radiation and substrate temperature. The embedded controller presented 9 rules and three ...

An effort is made to gain insight on the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the impact response of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRs) under low velocity impact. Certain amount of CNTs could lead improvements in mechanical properties of composites. In the present investigation, ABAQUS/Explicit finite element code (FEM) is employed to investigate various damages modes of nano composites ...

In situ synchrotron X-ray computed micro-tomography and digital volume correlation (DVC) were utilised to understand the failure mechanisms at room temperature 1050 °C of two Nextel™720/alumina oxide-oxide ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), termed materials A B, sintered respectively 1200 ~1250 °C. At both test temperatures, three-point-bending strengths ~55–58 MPa for material ~94–100 B. Damage...

Advanced composites are not without a trade-off. Their increased designability brings an increase in the complexity of their internal geometry and, as a result, possible modes of failure. When two or more isotropic materials are combined in a composite, the isotropic failure modes may also combine. In a laminate, matrix delamination, cracking and crazing, and voids and porosity, will often comb...

An irregular lattice model is proposed for simulating quasistatic fracture in softening materials. Lattice elements are defined on the edges of a Delaunay tessellation of the medium. The dual sVoronoid tessellation is used to scale the elemental stiffness terms in a manner that renders the lattice elastically homogeneous. This property enables the accurate modeling of heterogeneity, as demonstr...

Abstract Simulation of heavy oil thermal cracking process is very important but few researches have been published now. In this paper, a simulation framework based on the carbon number-based approach(CNCA) has been established. A systematic division rule is put forward for dividing cracked products into 59 carbon number components. Then the cracking reaction network has been structured and the ...