many of insects have re-mating behavoiur during their reproductive period. the re-mating phenomenons have been observed in many ladybirds, too. in current study, the change of proportion of male to female (sex ratio) was used in order to changing of possibility and times of re-mating in hippodamia variegata. in previous studies it has been indicated that males make up about 50% of this predator...

Insectary-reared Anopheles gambiae were experimentally fed with the blood of 90 naturally infected human volunteers carrying gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. At least one mosquito was successfully infected in 74% of experiments. The probability that a gametocyte carrier was infective, the probability that a mosquito became infected, and the number of oocysts harboured were related to gamet...

that natural selection should favor the ability of animals to modify the sex ratio of their offspring whenever the net fi tness benefi ts of producing sons or daughters vary as a function of parental condition. For example, when males compete strongly for females and have greater variance in reproductive success than females, parents in good condition should invest more in sons. Parents in poor...

Abstract Hamilton's local mate competition theory provided an explanation for extraordinary female-biased sex ratios in a range of organisms. When mating takes place locally, structured populations, ratio is favored to reduce between related males, and provide more mates males. However, there are number wasp species which the appear female biased than predicted by theory. It has been hypothesiz...

We assessed sex differences in the effects of physical attractiveness and earning potentiai on mate selection, and sex differences in preferences and motivations with regard to short-term and long-term mating. We also investigated the effect of a variable likely to produce intra-sex variations in the selection of mating tactics, self-perceived mating success. Forty-eight university students wer...

Sexual dimorphism in digit ration is related to genetic differences between species in response to prenatal exposure to hormones. In this study, the development of tetrapod digits, preliminary the ratio between the length of digit II and IV (2D: 4D) was investigated in 34 samples of Darevskia cholorogaster in the North of Iran. The results showed no significant differences between sexes in any ...

Genetic mechanisms of sex determination are unexpectedly diverse and change rapidly during evolution. We review the role of genetic conflict as the driving force behind this diversity and turnover. Genetic conflict occurs when different components of a genetic system are subject to selection in opposite directions. Conflict may occur between genomes (including paternal-maternal and parentalzygo...

Sexually dimorphic phenotypes arise largely from sex-specific gene expression, which has mainly been characterized in sexually naïve adults. However, we expect sexual dimorphism in transcription to be dynamic and dependent on factors such as reproductive status. Mating induces many behavioral and physiological changes distinct to each sex and is therefore expected to activate regulatory changes...

Verticillium dahliae is a cosmopolitan, soilborne fungus that causes a significant wilt disease on a wide variety of plant hosts including economically important crops, ornamentals, and timber species. Clonal expansion through asexual reproduction plays a vital role in recurring plant epidemics caused by this pathogen. The recent discovery of recombination between clonal lineages and preliminar...