Canine rabies, and thus human exposure to rabies, can be controlled through mass vaccination of the animal reservoir if dog owners are willing to cooperate. Inaccessible, ownerless dogs, however, reduce the vaccination coverage achieved in parenteral campaigns. This study aimed to estimate the vaccination coverage in dogs in three study zones of N'Djaména, Chad, after a pilot free parenteral ma...

background hepatitis a was ranked first among all of the different types of viral hepatitis in china, which occurred an average of 500,000 cases annually during the 1980’s. a live attenuated hepatitis a vaccine was applied in preventing of the disease in 1992, large scale used in vaccination program in 1995, and incorporated in the expanded program of immunization in 2008 in china. objective th...

Inadequate evaluation of vaccine coverage after mass vaccination campaigns, such as used in national measles control programmes, can lead to inappropriate public health responses. Overestimation of vaccination coverage may leave populations at risk, whilst underestimation can lead to unnecessary catch-up campaigns. The problem is more complex in large urban areas where vaccination coverage may ...

BACKGROUND Few data are available on the risk of aseptic meningitis following vaccination with the Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Z) strain of mumps vaccine. In 1997 the mumps vaccine was introduced into the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil through mass vaccination with mumps-measles-rubella (MMR), targeting children aged 1-11 years. Five municipalities used exclusively MMR vaccine containing the L-Z ...

Despite impressive gains in measles control globally, measles epidemics continue to occur in countries with insufficient vaccination coverage. WHO guidelines now recommend outbreak response immunisation (ORI) for controlling measles outbreaks in certain contexts. The objective of this study was to describe late and early response vaccination activities during two consecutive measles outbreaks t...

A school-located mass vaccination program can enable rapid vaccination of a large number of students while minimizing disruption of their school activities. During 3 consecutive influenza seasons beginning in 2005, the Knox County Health Department conducted school-located mass vaccination clinics using live attenuated influenza vaccine. Overall, the proportion of elementary schoolchildren vacc...

Handling bioterror events that involve contagious agents is a major concern in the war against terror, and is a cause for debate among policymakers about the best response policy. At the core of this debate stands the question which of the two post-event policies to adopt: mass vaccination—where maximum vaccination capacity is utilized to uniformly inoculate the entire population, or trace (als...

Growing interest in mass vaccination with oral cholera vaccine in endemic and epidemic settings will require policymakers to evaluate how to allocate these vaccines in the most efficient manner. Because cholera, when treated properly, has a low case fatality rate, it may not be economically feasible to vaccinate an entire population. Using a new publicly available calculator for estimating the ...

BACKGROUND Rubella is an infectious viral disease, has a worldwide distribution and is normally a mild childhood disease. Infection during early pregnancy may cause fetal death or congenital rubella syndrome. The highest risk of CRS is found in countries with high susceptibility rates among women of childbearing age. In many developed and some developing countries, large-scale rubella vaccinati...

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) as a supplementary tool to conventional prevention of cholera. Dukoral, a killed whole-cell two-dose OCV, was used in a mass vaccination campaign in 2009 in Zanzibar. Public and private costs of illness (COI) due to endemic cholera and costs of the mass vaccination campaign were estimated to assess the cost-e...