The m ain objective of the present paper is to present a cross-country analysis of pro-poor grow th in 80 countries in 237 grow th spells during the period 1984-2001. To achieve this objective, the paper proposes a new m easure of pro-poor grow th that captures gains and losses of grow th rates due to changes in the distribution of consum ption. The gains im ply propoor grow th, w hile the loss...

Subjective and Objective Indicators of Racial Progress Progress in closing differences in many objective outcomes for blacks relative to whites has slowed, and even worsened, over the past three decades. However, over this period the racial gap in well-being has shrunk. In the early 1970s data revealed much lower levels of subjective well-being among blacks relative to whites. Investigating var...

Migration’s Income and Poverty Impact Has Been Underestimated This paper examines two issues associated with the impact of migration on household income and poverty. First, existing studies have typically overlooked a feature of migration that should be taken into account in estimating its impact, namely the fact that migration changes the size of the household. The ‘corrected’ impact that does...

Ensuring adequate living standards to a growing number of elderly while restraining the growth of pension spending represents the main challenge for Italian pension policy. There is a need for an in-depth analysis of the economic conditions of the elderly which can help targeting resources in the coming years to the more needy groups. Using micro-data from the Bank of Italy Survey of Household ...

With a new deprivation (or poverty) function, in this paper, we theoretically study the changes in poverty with respect to the ‘global’ mean and variance of the income distribution using Indian survey data. We show that when the income obeys a lognormal distribution, a rising mean income generally indicates a reduction in poverty while an increase in the variance of the income distribution incr...

This paper provides empirical evidence of the influence of adolescent marriage opportunities on female schooling attainment and gives predictions of the impact for imposing universal age-of-consent laws. Using data from rural Bangladesh, we explore the commonly cited hypotheses that women attain less schooling as a result of social and financial pressure to marry young. We isolate the causal ef...

the aim of present article is determining economic value of air pollution and environmental effects of mashhad city air pollution. data of 286 households of mashhad was gathered through questionnaire in a survey reaserch using stratified random sampling method in year 2006. in order to detemine environmental effects of air pollution choice experiment approach - which gives the most perfect envi...

Khadijeh Mirzaii, Shadan Nessari Ashkezari, Talaat Khadivzadeh. Associated Professor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; MSc in Midwifery, Students Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Assistant Professor, Department of Mid...

1Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 2School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 4Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad...

We study cross-sectional and long-term poverty in Sweden over a period spanning two recessions, and discuss changes in the policy context. We find large increases in absolute poverty and deprivation during the 1990’s recession but much smaller increases in 2008-2010. While increases in non-employment contributed to increasing poverty in the 1990’s, the temporary poverty increase 2008-2010 was e...